La détermination de la peine dans les cas de filicide

The purpose of our study is to understand the process of sentencing in cases of filicide from an analysis of criminal and legal criteria on which judges base themselves as well as from an analysis of penal functions aimed by the sentences issued for this type of homicide. The sample studied in this paper consists of fourteen sentencing judgments rendered by the judges at the sentencing. These judgments were all issued in Quebec between 1996 and 2008 inclusive. It is clear from our analysis that the guilty plea recorded by the accused, the lawyers' sentence suggestions, the method of filicide, repetition of misconduct or not in the parent, the number of victims, the age of the accused, the presence or absence of criminal history of the accused as well as the professional occupation of the latter may influence judges' decision concerning the sentence. These elements, however, do not necessarily carry the iv same weight in the process of sentencing from one judge to another. Nevertheless, we observe that the discretionary power the judges have does not seem to be used in a biased or inadequate manner. In fact, every sentence is clearly justified according to reasonable arguments and none is far from other sentences that have made jurisprudence.

Détermination de la peine en matière de pédophilie : aspects médico-légaux

Are sentences given for sexual interference appropriate ? It is the central question of this essay. To find the answer, we analyzed the medical and the legal discourses on pedophilia and child molestation. This review has enabled us to determined how the medical discourse affects the legal discourse in this matter. This essay presents an analysis of the factors used in sentencing for sexual interference against a person of less than 16 years old and of the sentences given to those who committed those type of offenses, from the perspective of both criminal law and medicine. It shows that, in the current legal framework, the sentences, although imperfect, can be, to a certain extent, appropriate in order to create some sort of follow-up of the individual. However, since those sentences do not alter the sexual deviance, the delinquants will remain at risk for recidivism in the long term. Criminal law would benefict from further incorporating the medical discourse in order to take into consideration the specificities of those delinquents and to give them more appropriate sentences to reduce their recidivism risk and to better protect society.

Exploration of implicit theories in the formation of expert opinion in portuguese criminal law

This dissertation examines different aspects involved in the formation of psychologists’ expert opinion in the Portuguese criminal justice system, more precisely, as this opinion is reflected in assessment reports. The present dissertation is comprised of three qualitative studies, the first sought to provide a general portrait of a sample of 106 forensic psychological reports as to their overall quality as measured in terms of relevance and coherence. Results show that the formal markers of quality are present in the sample analysed, a certain number of weaknesses have been observed, notably concerning the internal coherence of the reports as well as the relevance of the information reported on. The second study explored the opinions of 17 Portuguese judges and state prosecutors concerning the use they make of this type of forensic report. It appears that they consider these reports to be useful and very credible, specially so when they have been produced under the auspices of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, which is the state forensic institution. Furthermore, it appears that judges and prosecutors were particularly interested in data that allowed for a personalised portrait of the assessee. The third study sought to better comprehend the conceptual bases on which psychologists construct their reports. To this end, an exploratory study was undertaken with a sample of key-actors; the analysis of their interviews shows that they define their judicial mandate as well as the basic concepts that are associated to this mandate in different ways. A theoretical framework provided by an implicit theories model was used to help understand these results.

Drugs, alcohol, and criminal behaviour : a profile of inmates in canadian federal institutions

The scientific literature often mentions that there is a statistical connection between alcohol and drug consumption and criminal behaviour. However, there is little information available which would make it possible to quantify this connection, and specify the impact that drugs and alcohol have on criminal behaviour. Consumption of psychoactive substances has two major effects: intoxication and addiction. These effects are related, respectively, to the psycho-pharmacological and economic-compulsive models of the connection between drugs and crime. The first model associates drug use and intoxication with a decrease in cognitive functions and a lack of self-control, leading to aggressive impulses, violence and lack of inhibitions. The second model refers to the huge costs that are associated with being addicted to certain drugs. A person addicted to these drugs would need to engage in lucrative criminal activities in order to pay for them. This article explores and attempts to further define the links between alcohol, illicit drugs and criminal behaviour, taking into account the types of drugs consumed and the types of criminal behaviour displayed.

Impacts des processus judiciaires sur la santé mentale des victimes d’actes criminels violents

Rapport de stage présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc) en Criminologie option stage en intervention

La trajectoire de changement d’hommes ayant vécu des événements potentiellement traumatogènes

Rapport de stage présenté à Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître (M.Sc.) en criminologie