Conception et réalisation d'un nouveau répertoire terminologique et documentaire unifié : le terminaire ou thésaurus TERMDOC des documents professionnels de correspondance

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

Évaluation d'un modèle a priori basé sur un seuillage de la TCD en super-résolution et comparaison avec d'autres modèles a priori

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Le profil de virulence d' Escherichia coli intra-utérin permettrait de prédire la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière

Les objectifs de cette étude ont été de : (1) déterminer s’il existe une association entre la présence intra-utérine d'Escherichia coli dans la 1 ère semaine postpartum et le développement de la métrite postpartum, (2) déterminer s’il y a une association entre les gènes de virulence d'E. coli et la métrite postpartum, et (3) d'évaluer si les analyses bactériologiques (bactéries et gènes de virulence d'E. coli) pourraient prédire la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière. Des écouvillons utérins ont été prélevés dans la première semaine postpartum sur 486 vaches de race Holstein et soumis au laboratoire pour détection de E. coli. Les gènes de virulence d'E. coli ont été identifiés par la technique d'hybridation des sondes radioactives. Un total de 252 vaches (52%) ont été positives à E. coli et 67 vaches positives à la métrite postpartum (13,7%). Les vaches positives à E. coli intra-utérin dès la première semaine postpartum avaient un risque 2,6 fois plus élevé de développer la métrite postpartum que les vaches sans E. coli. La plupart des E. coli possédaient un ou plusieurs gènes des E. coli d'origine extra-intestinale (ExPEC) dont fimH (89%), HlyE (87%) et iss (70%). Parmi les autres gènes ExPEC, on a retrouvé sitA (23%), fepC (20%) hra1 (20%) malX (14%) tsh (11%) et bien d'autres. Les gènes de virulence kpsMTII et hra1 ont été associés à la métrite postpartum avec un rapport de cote de 4,3 chacun. La présence d'E. coli dans l'utérus avait une valeur prédictive positive de 18% tandis que la présence des gènes kpsMTII et hra1 avait une valeur prédictive positive de 36% et 31% respectivement. La détection de certains gènes de virulence d'E. coli dans les prélèvements utérins pourrait renseigner sur le risque de développement de la métrite postpartum chez la vache laitière. Les études ultérieures pourraient tester encore plus de gènes et viser à développer des tests de dépistage simple, facilement et rapidement applicable à la ferme.

Articulated Model Registration of MRI/X-Ray Spine Data

This paper presents a method based on articulated models for the registration of spine data extracted from multimodal medical images of patients with scoliosis. With the ultimate aim being the development of a complete geometrical model of the torso of a scoliotic patient, this work presents a method for the registration of vertebral column data using 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) acquired in prone position and X-ray data acquired in standing position for five patients with scoliosis. The 3D shape of the vertebrae is estimated from both image modalities for each patient, and an articulated model is used in order to calculate intervertebral transformations required in order to align the vertebrae between both postures. Euclidean distances between anatomical landmarks are calculated in order to assess multimodal registration error. Results show a decrease in the Euclidean distance using the proposed method compared to rigid registration and more physically realistic vertebrae deformations compared to thin-plate-spline (TPS) registration thus improving alignment.

Modified Large Margin Nearest Neighbor Metric Learning for Regression

The main objective of this letter is to formulate a new approach of learning a Mahalanobis distance metric for nearest neighbor regression from a training sample set. We propose a modified version of the large margin nearest neighbor metric learning method to deal with regression problems. As an application, the prediction of post-operative trunk 3-D shapes in scoliosis surgery using nearest neighbor regression is described. Accuracy of the proposed method is quantitatively evaluated through experiments on real medical data.

Evaluation of Reducibility of Trunk Asymmetry in Lateral Bending

The value of the lateral bending test is important in the assessment of spinal curve mobility and prediction of surgical outcome in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, radiographic bending tests are unable to assess the reducibility of trunk asymmetry. This study aims to exploit surface topography measurement in order to evaluate the changes in shape of the trunk (a) between bending and neutral standing positions, and (b) between standing pre- and post-operative visits, in a cohort of adolescents with AIS having undergone surgical correction; and to correlate the differences measured in cases (a) and (b). Our cohort includes 13 patients with right thoracic AIS. Each patient had their 3D trunk surface digitized with a multi-head InSpeck system in standing posture (at the pre-op and post-op visits) and in maximum voluntary right and left bending (at the pre-op visit). We developed a novel trunk shape analysis method which produces a set of inclined trunk cross-sections allowing comparison between different postures. Two asymmetry indices, trunk rotation (TR) and back surface rotation (BSR), were computed in all cases and a statistical analysis was performed. Our correlation study (Pearson test) showed fair correlations in most cases between the changes in side-bending and those post-surgery, with the strongest relationship (p-value < 0.01) when combining the TR measurements from both bendings. These results provide evidence that the bending test can be used to assess trunk asymmetry reducibility. The proposed approach could provide a non-invasive trunk asymmetry reducibility test for routine clinical use in AIS surgery planning.

Semiautomatic Detection of Scoliotic Rib Borders From Posteroanterior Chest Radiographs

3-D assessment of scoliotic deformities relies on an accurate 3-D reconstruction of bone structures from biplanar X-rays, which requires a precise detection and matching of anatomical structures in both views. In this paper, we propose a novel semiautomated technique for detecting complete scoliotic rib borders from PA-0° and PA-20° chest radiographs, by using an edge-following approach with multiple-path branching and oriented filtering. Edge-following processes are initiated from user starting points along upper and lower rib edges and the final rib border is obtained by finding the most parallel pair among detected edges. The method is based on a perceptual analysis leading to the assumption that no matter how bent a scoliotic rib is, it will always present relatively parallel upper and lower edges. The proposed method was tested on 44 chest radiographs of scoliotic patients and was validated by comparing pixels from all detected rib borders against their reference locations taken from the associated manually delineated rib borders. The overall 2-D detection accuracy was 2.64 ± 1.21 pixels. Comparing this accuracy level to reported results in the literature shows that the proposed method is very well suited for precisely detecting borders of scoliotic ribs from PA-0° and PA-20° chest radiographs.