17 resultados para 1995_12170631 Optics-18


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Afin de mieux cerner les enjeux de la transition entre le secondaire et le postsecondaire, nous proposons un examen du passage de la notion de fonction à celle de dérivée. À la lumière de plusieurs travaux mettant en évidence des difficultés inhérentes à ce passage, et nous basant sur les recherches de Carlson et ses collègues (Carlson, 2002; Carlson, Jacobs, Coe, Larsen et Hsu, 2002; Carlson, Larsen et Jacobs, 2001; Oehrtman, Carlson et Thompson, 2008) sur le raisonnement covariationnel, nous présentons une analyse de la dynamique du développement de ce raisonnement chez des petits groupes d’élèves de la fin du secondaire et du début du collégial dans quatre situations-problèmes différentes. L’analyse des raisonnements de ces groupes d’élèves nous a permis, d’une part, de raffiner la grille proposée par Carlson en mettant en évidence, non seulement des unités de processus de modélisation (ou unités de raisonnement) mises en action par ces élèves lors des activités proposées, mais aussi leurs rôles au sein de la dynamique du raisonnement. D’autre part, cette analyse révèle l’influence de certaines caractéristiques des situations sur les interactions non linéaires entre ces unités.

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Improving the appearance of the trunk is an important goal of scoliosis surgical treatment, mainly in patients' eyes. Unfortunately, existing methods for assessing postoperative trunk appearance are rather subjective as they rely on a qualitative evaluation of the trunk shape. In this paper, an objective method is proposed to quantify the changes in trunk shape after surgery. Using a non-invasive optical system, the whole trunk surface is acquired and reconstructed in 3D. Trunk shape is described by two functional measurements spanning the trunk length: the lateral deviation and the axial rotation. To measure the pre and postoperative differences, a correction rate is computed for both measurements. On a cohort of 36 scoliosis patients with the same spinal curve type who underwent the same surgical approach, surgery achieved a very good correction of the lateral trunk deviation (median correction of 76%) and a poor to moderate correction of the back axial rotation (median correction of 19%). These results demonstrate that after surgery, patients are still confronted with residual trunk deformity, mainly a persisting hump on the back. That can be explained by the fact that current scoliosis assessment and treatment planning are based solely on radiographic measures of the spinal deformity and do not take trunk deformity into consideration. It is believed that with our novel quantitative trunk shape descriptor, clinicians and surgeons can now objectively assess trunk deformity and postoperative shape and propose new treatment strategies that could better address patients' concern about their appearance. © (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.