168 resultados para Diderot, Denis


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Objective To determine overall, test–retest and inter-rater reliability of posture indices among persons with idiopathic scoliosis. Design A reliability study using two raters and two test sessions. Setting Tertiary care paediatric centre. Participants Seventy participants aged between 10 and 20 years with different types of idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle 15 to 60°) were recruited from the scoliosis clinic. Main outcome measures Based on the XY co-ordinates of natural reference points (e.g. eyes) as well as markers placed on several anatomical landmarks, 32 angular and linear posture indices taken from digital photographs in the standing position were calculated from a specially developed software program. Generalisability theory served to estimate the reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) for the overall, test–retest and inter-rater designs. Bland and Altman's method was also used to document agreement between sessions and raters. Results In the random design, dependability coefficients demonstrated a moderate level of reliability for six posture indices (ϕ = 0.51 to 0.72) and a good level of reliability for 26 posture indices out of 32 (ϕ ≥ 0.79). Error attributable to marker placement was negligible for most indices. Limits of agreement and SEM values were larger for shoulder protraction, trunk list, Q angle, cervical lordosis and scoliosis angles. The most reproducible indices were waist angles and knee valgus and varus. Conclusions Posture can be assessed in a global fashion from photographs in persons with idiopathic scoliosis. Despite the good reliability of marker placement, other studies are needed to minimise measurement errors in order to provide a suitable tool for monitoring change in posture over time.

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Compte rendu critique du livre d'Alain Lavigne « Duplessis, pièce manquante d’une légende : l’invention du marketing politique » (Québec: Septentrion, 2012, 194 p. Illustré. Préface de Denis Vaugeois).

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Nous nous proposons d’examiner et de comparer les analyses de Maurice Merleau-Ponty et d’Erwin Panofsky sur la question de la perspective linéaire. Merleau-Ponty, dans le sillage des analyses de Panofsky, soutient la thèse selon laquelle la perspective linéaire est non seulement une technique picturale qui nous présente une vision et une interprétation de l’espace et, plus généralement, du monde se constituant en rupture avec la perception naturelle, mais une « construction symbolique » qui nous fait proprement voir et concevoir le monde d’après les principes de la géométrie euclidienne. Quoiqu’ils partagent la même interprétation historique et symbolique de la perspective, Merleau-Ponty et Panofsky diffèrent pourtant quant à la signification philosophique qu’ils lui donnent. Alors que pour Panofsky la perspective témoigne de la vérité indépassable du criticisme kantien, elle est l’expression chez Merleau-Ponty d’une interrogation ontologique sur la perception irréductible à la conception de l’espace de la philosophie moderne.