6 resultados para measure-valued equations
em Brock University, Canada
Resumo:
Validation ofan Ice Skating Protocol to Predict Aerobic Power in Hockey Players In assessing the physiological capacity of ice hockey players, researchers have often reported the outcomes from different anaerobic skate tests, and the general physical fitness of participants. However, with respect to measuring the aerobic power of ice hockey players, few studies have reported a sport-specific protocol, and currently there is a lack of cohort-specific information describing aerobic power based on evaluations using an on-ice protocol. The Faught Aerobic Skating Test (FAST) uses an on-ice continuous skating protocol to induce a physical stress on a participant's aerobic energy system. The FAST incorporates the principle of increasing workloads at measured time intervals during a continuous skating exercise. Regression analysis was used to determine the estimate of aerobic power within gender and age level. Data were collected on 532 hockey players, (males=384, females=148) ranging in age between 9 and 25 years. Participants completed a laboratory test to measure aerobic power using a modified Bruce protocol, and the on-ice FAST. Regression equations were developed for six male and female, age-specific cohorts separately. The most consistent predictors were weight and final stage completed on the FAST. These results support the application of the FAST to estimate aerobic power among hockey players with R^ values ranging from 0.174 to 0.396 and SEE ranging from 5.65 to 8.58 ml kg' min'' depending on the cohort. Thus we conclude that FAST to be an accurate predictor of aerobic power in age and gender-specific hockey playing cohorts.
Resumo:
New immigrants to Canada typically have a more favourable health profile than the non-immigrant population. This phenomenon, known as the 'healthy immigrant effect', has been attributed to both the socioeconomic advantage (ie. educational attainment, occupational opportunity) of non-refugee immigrants and existing screening protocols that admit only the healthiest of persons to Canada. It has been suggested that this health advantage diminishes as the time of residence in Canada increases, due in part to the adoption of health-risk behaviours such as alcohol and cigarette use, an increase in excess body weight, and declining rates of physical activity. However, the majority of health research concerning immigrants to Canada has been limited to cross-sectional studies (Dunn & Dyck, 2000; Newbold & Danforth, 2003), which may mask an immigrant-specific cohort effect. Furthermore, the practice of aggregating foreign-bom persons by geographical regions or treating all immigrants as a homogeneous group may also obfuscate intra-immigrant differences in health. Accordingly, this study uses the Canadian National Population Health Surveys (NPHS) and data from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to prospectively evaluate factors that predict health status among immigrants to Canada. Each immigrant in the NPHS was linked to the UNDP Human Development Index of their country of birth, which uses a combined measure of health, education, and per capita income of the populace. The six-year change in health function, psychological distress, and self-rated health were considered from a population health perspective (Evans, 1994), using generalized-estimating equations (GEE) to examine the compounding effect of past and recent predictors of health. Demographic
Resumo:
Objectlve:--This study examined the intraclass reliability· of different measures of the
excitability of the Hoffmann reflex, derived from stimulus-response curves. The slope of the
regression line of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve advocated by Funase et al. (1994) was
also compared to the peak of the first derivative of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve
(dHIdVmax), a new measure introduced in this investigation. A secondary purpose was to explore
the possibility of mood as a covariate when measuring excitability of the H-reflex arc.
Methods: The H-reflex amplitude at a stimulus intensity corresponding to 5% of the
maximum M-wave (Mmax) is an established measure that was used as an additional basis of
comparison. The H-reflex was elicited in the soleus for 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females)
on five separate days. Vibration was applied to the Achilles tendon prior to stimulation to test
the sensitivity of the measures on test day four. The means of five evoked potentials at each
gradually increasing intensity, from below H-reflex threshold to above Mmax, were used to create
both the H-reflex and M-wave stimulus response curves for each subject across test days. The
mood of the subjects was assessed using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) prior
to the stimulation protocol each day.
Results: There was a modest decrease in all H-reflex measures from the first to third test day,
but it was non-significant (P's>0.05). All measures of the H-reflex exhibited a profound
reduction following vibration on test day four, and then returned to baseline levels on test day
five (P's<0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for H-reflex amplitude at 5% of
Mmax was 0.85. The ICC for the slope of the regression line was 0.79 while it was 0.89 for
dH/dVmax. Maximum M-wave amplitude had an ICC of 0.96 attesting to careful methodological
controls. The SEES subscales of fatigue and psychological well-being remained unchanged
IV
across the five days. The psychological distress subscale (P
Resumo:
As a result of increased acid precipitation, the pH of a large
number of Canadian Shield lakes has been falling. Prior to this study
there was no documentation available to explain the history of lake
acidification for the Algoma area lakes. In order to obtain this
information the diatom inferred pH technique was developed in this
study.
During two field seasons, July 1981 and July 1982, short sediment
cores (circa 25-30 cm) were collected from 28 study lakes located north
of Lake Superior, District Algoma, Ontario. The surface sediment
diatoms (0-1 cm) from each of these lakes were carefully identified,
enumerated, and classified in terms of their pH indicator status.
The surface sediment diatom analysis indicated that lake pH is one of
the most important factors affecting the species composition and
relative abundance of diatom populations. Thus diatom assemblages can
be sensitive indicators of lake acidification. When Nygaard's index
alpha was plotted against observed lake pH, a statistically
significant relationship resulted (r=-0.89; p=
Resumo:
Cover title.
Resumo:
Symmetry group methods are applied to obtain all explicit group-invariant radial solutions to a class of semilinear Schr¨odinger equations in dimensions n = 1. Both focusing and defocusing cases of a power nonlinearity are considered, including the special case of the pseudo-conformal power p = 4/n relevant for critical dynamics. The methods involve, first, reduction of the Schr¨odinger equations to group-invariant semilinear complex 2nd order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with respect to an optimal set of one-dimensional point symmetry groups, and second, use of inherited symmetries, hidden symmetries, and conditional symmetries to solve each ODE by quadratures. Through Noether’s theorem, all conservation laws arising from these point symmetry groups are listed. Some group-invariant solutions are found to exist for values of n other than just positive integers, and in such cases an alternative two-dimensional form of the Schr¨odinger equations involving an extra modulation term with a parameter m = 2−n = 0 is discussed.