Sedimentology and micromorphology of drumlin sediments at Chimney Bluffs State Park, New York, United States of America

The drumlin sediments at Chimney Bluffs, New York appear to represent a block-inmatrix style glacial melange. This melange comprises sand stringers, lenses and intraclasts juxtaposed in an apparently massive diamicton. Thin section examination of these glacigenic deposits has revealed microstructures indicative of autokinetic subglacial defonnation which are consistent with a deformable bed origin for the diamicton. These features include banding and. necking of matrix grains, oriented plasma fabrics and the formation of pressure shadows at the long axis ends of elongate clasts. Preservation of primary stratification within the sand intraclasts appears to suggest that these features were pre-existing up-ice deposits that were frozen, entrained, then deposited as part of a defonning till layer beneath an advancing ice sheet. Multi-directional micro-shearing within the sand blocks is thought to reflect the frozen nature of the sand units in such a high strain environment. It is also contended that dewatering of the sediment pile leading to the eventual immobilisation of the defonning till layer was responsible for opening sub-horizontal fissures within the diamicton. These features were subsequently infilled with mass flow poorly sorted sands and silts which were subjected to ductile defonnation during the waning stages of an actively deforming till layer. Microstructures indicative of the dewatering processes in the sand units include patches of fine-grained particles within a coarser-grained matrix and the presence of concentrated zones of translocated clays. However, these units were probably confined within an impermeable diamicton casing that prevented massive pore water influxes from the deforming till layer~ Hence, these microstructures probably reflect localised dewatering of the sand intraclasts. A layered subglacial shear zone model is proposed for the various features exhibited by the drumlin sediments. The complexity of these structures is explained in terms of ii superposing deformation styles in response to changing pore water pressures. Constructional glaciotectonics, as implied by the occurrence of sub-horizontal fissuring, is suggested as the mechanism for the stacking of the sand intraclast units within the diamicton. The usefulness of micromorphology in complimenting the traditional sedimentology of glacigenic deposits is emphasised by the current study. An otherwise massive diamicton was shown to contain microstructures indicative of the very high strain rates expected in a complexly deforming till layer. . It is quite obvious from this investigation that the classification of diamictons needs to be re-examined for evidence of microstructures that could lead to the re-interpretation of diamicton forming processes. RESUME Le pacquet de sediments drumlinaire de Chimney Bluffs, New York, represent un "bloc-en-matrice" genre de melange glaciale. Des structures microscopique comprennent l'evidence pour la defonnation intrinseque attribuee a l'origine lit non resistant du drumlin. PreselVation des structures primaires au coeur des blocs arenaces suggere que ceux sont des depots preexistant qui furent geles, entraines et par la suite sedimentes au milieu d'une couche de debris sous-glaciaires en voie de deformation. Des failles microscopiques a l'interieur des blocs arenaces appuient aussi l'idee d'un bloc cohesif (c'est-a-dire gele) au centre d'un till non resistant. Des implications significatives s'emergent de cette etude pour les conditions sous-glaciaire et les processus de la formation des drumlin.

Proceedings of a court of inquiry, convened on board the United States frigate the President, in the harbour of New York, on the thirteenth day of August, 1811, pursuant to the following warrant : To Stephen Decatur, esquire, a captain in the Navy of the United States. --

Caption title.

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a letter from the Marshall of the Northern District of the State of New York, respecting disturbances on the Canadian frontier (1838)

Message from the President of the United States transmitting a letter from the Marshal of the Northern District of the State of New York, respecting Disturbances on the Canadian Frontier.

Indenture between Alfred Sanderson Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York

Indenture between Alfred Sanderson Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York. The proceeds would be paid to his estate for his successors. January 12, 1894.

Indenture between Hamilton Killaly Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York

Indenture between Hamilton Killaly Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York. The proceeds would be paid to his successors. (This is a handwritten copy)

Indenture between Hamilton Killaly Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York (3rd Trust Deed)

Indenture between Hamilton Killaly Woodruff and the United States Trust Company of New York. This is listed as the 3rd trust deed. The proceeds would be paid to successors (2 copies). Most of the first page of copy no. 2 is torn away which does affect the text. These 2 documents are in an envelope marked "vouchers", June 20, 1899.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Henry E. Ahern of United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Henry E. Ahern of United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $2,106 in trust for his account. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to the trust company, a balance sheet and a receipt, July 14, 1908.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Henry E. Ahern of United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Henry E. Ahern of United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $560.63 in trust for his account. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to Mr. Woodruff, a balance sheet and a receipt, Oct.10, 1908.

Letter to Mrs. Maria DeV. Haynes from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mrs. Maria DeV. Haynes from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) stating that the funding of bonds has been paid, Jan. 4, 1909.

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) stating that the funding of bonds has been paid. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to Mr. Woodruff, a balance sheet and a receipt, Jan. 4, 1909.

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $2,925. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to the trust company, a balance sheet and a receipt, Jan. 11, 1909.

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $410.41. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to the trust company, a balance sheet and a receipt, Jan. 21, 1909.

Receipt sent to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from the United States Trust Company of New York

Receipt sent to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from the United States Trust Company of New York, [this receipt is not accompanied by a letter, but belongs in this file with the other trust company items], Apr. 5, 1909.

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mr. W. D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $2223. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to Mr. Woodruff, a balance sheet, Jul. 9, 1909.

Letter to Mr. W.D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mr. W.D. Woodruff from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) which was sent with a cheque for $433.38. This is accompanied by an envelope addressed to Mr. Woodruff, a balance sheet and 2 receipts, Apr. 6, 1910.