Spelling performance of third grade students : a comparison of whole-language-plus-strategy instruction, strategy instruction only, and the whole language approach

This study investigated three methods for teaching children how to spell. Third grade students were divided into three conditions for a one-week training period consisting of 15- to 20-minute lessons. One of the two experimental conditions used a whole language approach along with explicit strategy instruction. The second condition used strategy instruction within a traditional setting. The control used strictly a whole language approach to le~ing hO\\l to spell. The spelling perfonnance of all three conditions improved after the one-week training period. However, students in the strategy instruction groups did significantly better on the study "'7ords than the whole language only group. The students in whole-Ianguage-plusstrateg)! instruction outperformed both other groups. Significantly better spelling perfonnance was observed even at the nine-week posttest. This study frrst supported the hypothesis that children can make significantly greater improven1ents in their spelling when explicitly taught how to use spelling strategies. Secondl)', this study indicated that whole language provided a relevant context for the study words, clearly giving the students in the whole-Ianguage-plus-strategy condition an additional advantage.

Tree Fruit (peach) Nursery - Report done for the University of Guelph

A report done by Donald Ziraldo on the topic of Tree Fruit, specifically peach, in nurseries. The report was likely done while he was a student of the University of Guelph in the 1970s.

University of Toronto exams

University of Toronto exams. These are in and envelope which is marked “Arts 1st year”. Included in this package are some text book pages [Latin] with the name Ham K. Woodruff written on them. The exams include: Anatomy, Arithmetic and Algebra, Medicine Chemistry, English, Euclid, French, Greek, Latin, Latin Grammar, Latin Prose (2 copies), Materia Medica and Therapeutics and Physiology for 1879. The exams for 1880 include Arithmetic and Algebra, Greek and Trigonometry. The 1881 Greek exam is also included. There is writing on some of the exams and some are worn and stained. The envelope is torn and stained and the textbook pages are slightly burned. This does not affect the text, 1879-1881.