Indenture between Asa Philophilus Carpenter and Joseph Augustus Woodruff

Indenture (vellum) of deed with dower from Asa Philophilus Carpenter and Margaret of Niagara to Joseph Augustus Woodruff of Niagara for lot no. 15 in the 1st Concession in the County of Elgin. This was registered April 14, 1853 in folio 288 - instrument no. 681, April 2, 1853.

Photograph - Margaret Julia Band standing in front of a brick wall

A photograph of Margaret Julia Band standing in front of a brick wall with ivy or a tree growing in front. She is wearing a dress and gloves.

Certificate of Baptism - Margaret Elizabeth Woodruff

Certificate of Baptism for Margaret Elizabeth Woodruff, the child of Percy Carruthers and Margaret Julia Band who was baptized at St. George's Church, St. Catharines, June 14, 1935. The sponsors listed are: Maude Band Mabee, Alice Eaton, and Clifford Scott Howard.

Announcement of Birth of Margaret Elizabeth

Announcement of the birth of Margaret Elizabeth by Mr. and Mrs. P.C. Band, Toronto, June 6, 1924.

Indenture of bargain and sale between James and Margaret Boulton of the City of Toronto and to Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Niagara

Indenture of bargain and sale between James and Margaret Boulton of the City of Toronto and to Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Niagara for 2 acres in Lot no. 279 and 280 in the Town of Niagara, Mar. 20, 1854.

The Falkland Islands War of 1982: a legal, diplomatic and strategic evaluation

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.

The law of the sea: the United States, Canada and the deep seabed

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.

I.O.D.E. Duke of Kent Chapter Fonds, 1934-1980

The I.O.D.E. as we currently know it today was founded in 1900 by Margaret Polson Murray of Montreal, who recognized a need for loyal support of Canadians departing to fight in the Boer War with the Empire forces in South Africa. She encouraged the formation of a federation of women to promote patriotism, loyalty and service to others. The first chapter was formed in Fredericton, New Brunswick on January 15th 1900. Primary chapters were formed in quick succession across Canada. In 1901, Edith Boulton Nordheimer was elected the first national president, the location of the head office became Toronto, Ontario and the federation was incorporated as Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire and Children of the Empire Junior Branch. The Duke of Kent Chapter was formed in 1934 and was disbanded in 1980. During the 1970’s the name I.O.D.E. was officially adopted. It is a federally chartered not-for-profit, charitable organization. Structured to report under the jurisdiction of the National chapter are the Provincial chapters, the Municipal chapters and the Primary chapters. The I.O.D.E. is associated with the Victory League in England and Daughters of the British Empire in the United States and it is proud of its heritage and traditions. Queen Elizabeth II is the current patron of the organization and although chapters sometimes disband there are always new chapters forming, including e-chapters that meet through 21st century electronics.

Collective violence : a study of the gendered and socio-economic factors behind early modern Italian and English witch hunts

In this study, I build upon my previous research in which I focus on religious doctrine as a gendered disciplinary apparatus, and examine the witch trials in early modem England and Italy in light of socio-economic issues relating to gender and class. This project examines the witch hunts/trials and early modem visual representations of witches, and what I suggest is an attempt to create docile bodies out of members of society who are deemed unruly, problematic and otherwise 'undesirable'; it is the witch's body that is deemed counternormative. This study demonstrates that it is neighbours and other acquaintances of accused witches that take on the role of the invisible guard of Bantham's Panoptic on. As someone who is trained in the study of English literature and literary theory, my approach is one that is informed by this methodology. It is my specialization in early modem British literature that first exposed me to witch-hunting manuals and tales of the supernatural, and it is for this reason that my research commences with a study of representations of witches and witchcraft in early modem England. From my initial exposure to such materials I proceed to examine the similarities and the differences of the cultural significance of the supernatural vis-a.-vis women's activities in early modem Italy. The subsequent discussion of visual representations of witches involves a predominance of Germanic artists, as the seminal work on the discernment of witches and the application of punishment known as the Malleus Meleficarum, was written in Germany circa 1486. Textual accounts of witch trials such as: "A Pitiless Mother (1616)," "The Wonderful Discovery of the Witchcrafts of Margaret and Philippa Flower (1619)," "Magic and Poison: The Trial ofChiaretta and Fedele (circa 1550)", and the "The Case of Benvegnuda Pincinella: Medicine Woman or Witch (1518),"and witchhunting manuals such as the Malleus Melejicarum and Strix will be put in direct dialogue with visual representations of witches in light of historical discourses pertaining to gender performance and gendered expectations. Issues relating to class will be examined as they pertain to the material conditions of presumed witches. The dominant group in any temporal or geographic location possesses the tools of representation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the physical characteristics, sexual habits and social material conditions that are attributed to suspected witches are attributes that can be deemed deviant by the ruling class. The research will juxtapose the social material conditions of suspected witches with the guilt, anxiety, and projection of fear that the dominant groups experienced in light of the changing economic landscape of the Renaissance. The shift from feudalism to primitive accumulation, and capitalism saw a rise in people living in poverty and therefore an increased dependence upon the good will of others. I will discuss the social material conditions of accused witches as informed by what Robyn Wiegman terms a "minoritizing discourse" (210). People of higher economic standing often blamed their social, medical, and/or economic difficulties on the less fortunate, resulting in accusations of witchcraft.

Illustration - Drawing of Pig while Blindfolded, 23 July 1900

The illustration of a pig is part of an autograph book collection of Ethelwyn Wetherald. Her collection consists of drawings of pigs her guests create while blindfolded. The signature of each guest accompanies the illustration. This illustration was done by Margaret H. Dorland in the year 1900.

Action of octopamine and tyramine on muscles of Drosophila melanogaster larvae

Octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) play important roles in homeostatic mechanisms, behavior, and modulation of neuromuscular junctions in arthropods. However, direct actions of these amines on muscle force production that are distinct from effects at the neuromuscular synapse have not been well studied. We utilize the technical benefits of the Drosophila larval preparation to distinguish the effects of OA and TA on the neuromuscular synapse from their effects on contractility of muscle cells. In contrast to the slight and often insignificant effects of TA, the action of OA was profound across all metrics assessed. We demonstrate that exogenous OA application decreases the input resistance of larval muscle fibers, increases the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (EJPs), augments contraction force and duration, and at higher concentrations (10−5 and 10−4 M) affects muscle cells 12 and 13 more than muscle cells 6 and 7. Similarly, OA increases the force of synaptically driven contractions in a cell-specific manner. Moreover, such augmentation of contractile force persisted during direct muscle depolarization concurrent with synaptic block. OA elicited an even more profound effect on basal tonus. Application of 10−5 M OA increased synaptically driven contractions by ∼1.1 mN but gave rise to a 28-mN increase in basal tonus in the absence of synaptic activation. Augmentation of basal tonus exceeded any physiological stimulation paradigm and can potentially be explained by changes in intramuscular protein mechanics. Thus we provide evidence for independent but complementary effects of OA on chemical synapses and muscle contractility.

Composite Photographs - Woodruff Family of St. Davids, Upper Canada

Composite of the Woodruff Family of St. Davids, Upper Canada. This composite contains 6 4 ½ cm x 4 cm black and white photographs which include: Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff (1819-1904) [the birth and death dates listed on this composite are 1827-1912, but these are actually his wife’s dates] son of William Woodruff. Joseph Woodruff (1820-1882) [1820-1886] son of William Woodruff. Helena Woodruff (1828-1892) daughter of William Woodruff. Julia Woodruff (1825-1870) daughter of William Woodruff. Dr. William Woodruff (1830-1908) son of William Woodruff. Margaret Clements [Clement] Woodruff (1794-1882) wife of William Woodruff

Armory and Lineages of Canada 1914

A book called "Armory and Lineages Of Canada 1914" with the copyright year 1913. The book is signed by H.K. Woodruff and it is also signed by Margaret Woodruff Band. Within the back pages is a list of dates of births, weddings and deaths. The full text is available in the Brock University Special Collections and Archives. There are other full text copies of later editions available in the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28armory%20and%20lineages%20of%20canada%29

The Book of Common Prayer Canada

The book of Common Prayer Canada is bound in soft leather. This book contains 2 book plates from St. George's Church, St. Catharines. The first one says that Margaret Julia Band was confirmed April 17, 1935 and had her first communion April 21, 1935. The second one says that Percy Caruthers Band was confirmed April 8, 1936 and received first communion April 12, 1936. There is also an inscription which reads "To Margaret from her mother, April the 21st, 1935, St. Catharines. The full text is available in the Brock University Special Collections and Archives.

A Woodruff Genealogy: Twelve Generations from The Colony of Connecticut in New England and The Province of Upper Canada 1636-1959

A Woodruff family genealogy in ten chapters. The chapters are titled: The Five New England Generations, Ezekiel's Seven Children, The Upper Canada Descendants, In Retrospect, Niagara (Newark), St. Davids, The War of 1812-1814, Some More Recent Portraits, Sources and References, Appendix. The first page of the book is inscribed "Best Wishes to Margaret and Percy from Norris", Oct. 5, 1959.