Frederick Sager letter, 1847

The letter was intended to communicate to Dexter D’Everado, Supt. Of Niagara District Schools, that School Section No. 6 in the Township of Bertie had elected school trustees on 12 January 1847. The trustees were Thomas Shedding, Luke Lee and Frederick Sager, Chairman.

Welland Canal Survey of Lands Frederick Bouke 1834

Survey map and description of Frederick Bouke's land created by The Welland Canal Company. Included is a written description of the land along with a drawing of the land. The land is on lot no.29 in the township of Thorold. Noteable features include; line between Bouke and Peter Vanevery's land, orchard, road allowance, line between Bouke and Shriner's land. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map. The land totals 18 acres, 3 roads and 10 perches. Deed for the land is dated June 25, 1834.

Amount paid to Frederick Holmes by the Welland Railway Company

Amount paid to Frederick Holmes by the Welland Railway Company for 26 days of service during February, March and April for excavations made at Port Dalhousie (1 page, handwritten). This is signed by S.D. Woodruff, Aug. 28, 1860.

Estimate of work done by Alexander Cook, Andrew Mains, Frederick Holmes, Louis Clement, Patrick Roche and Thomas Baird

Estimate of work done by Alexander Cook, Andrew Mains, Frederick Holmes, Louis Clement, Patrick Roche and Thomas Baird, signed by S.D. Woodruff, Feb. 26, 1855.

Estimatesfor clearing done by the contractors including Alexander Cook, Andrew Mains, Frederick Holmes, Louis Clements and Thomas Baird

Estimatesfor clearing done by the contractors including Alexander Cook, Andrew Mains, Frederick Holmes, Louis Clements and Thomas Baird. This document is signed by S.D. Woodruff. This is complete with an envelope made out to S.D. Woodruff, April 28, 1855.

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 28th of April inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Louis Clement and Thomas Baird

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 28th of April inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Louis Clement and Thomas Baird. Signed by S.D. Woodruff, April 28, 1855.

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 29th day of August inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Thomas Baird and Thomas Gilleland

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 29th day of August inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Thomas Baird and Thomas Gilleland. Signed by S.D. Woodruff, Aug. 31, 1855.

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 29th day of August inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Thomas Baird and Thomas Gilleland, signed by S.W. Woodruff

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage to the 29th day of August inclusive to Frederick Holmes, Thomas Baird and Thomas Gilleland, signed by S.W. Woodruff. This copy contains a note to Fred Holmes from S.D. Woodruff, Sept. 11, 1855.

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage for the months of December, 1855 and January, February and March of 1856 to Frederick Holmes and Joseph Simpson

Engineer services in the marsh lands drainage for the months of December, 1855 and January, February and March of 1856 to Frederick Holmes and Joseph Simpson. Signed by S.D. Woodruff, April 1, 1856.

Postglacial paleoecology and effects of European settlement on the environment of Lake Hunger and Lake Lisgar, Southwestern Ontario /

This investigation has three purposes I to make a comparative chemical study on sediment cores collected for Lake Lisgar (man-made lake in an urban center) and Lake Hunger (natural basin in a rural community) encompassing the time since European settlement I to determine the postglacial chemical history of Lake Hunger, and to determine the vegetational history of the Lake Hunger area from postglacial time to the present. The minus 80 mesh fraction of 108 soil samples and 18 stream sediment samples collected in the vicinity of Lakes' Lisgar and Hunger were analyzed for cold hydrochloric acid soluble lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, copper, aluminum, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese. Lacustrine sediments from 5 boreholes in the Lake Lisgar basin were collected. Boreholes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were analyzed for palynological and chemical information and Borehole 5 was subjected to pollen and ostracode analysis. Lacustrine sediments from 6 boreholes in the Lake Hunger basin were collected. Palyno- -logical and chemical analysis were performed on Boreholes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 and Borehole 5 was analyzed for pollen. In addition, radiocarbon dates were obtained on sediment samples from Boreholes 4 and 5. A total of 8 surface samples were collected from the margins of the Lake Hunger basin and these were chemically analyzed in the laboratory. All of the lacustrine sediments were ashed and analyzed for cold hydrochloric acid soluble lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, copper, aluminum, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese using a Perkin Elmer 40) Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. The results . obtained for the 12 elements were expressed as parts per million in dry sediments. It was found that man's influence on the element distribution patterns in the sediments of Lake Lisgar appeared to be related to his urbanizing developments within the lake vicinity, whereas, the rural developments in the vicinity of lake Hunger appeared to have had little effect on the element distribution patterns in the lake sediments. The distribution patterns of lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, magnesium, sodium and potassium are similar to the % ash curve throughout postglacial time indicating that the rate of erosion in the drainage basin is the main factor which controls the concentration of these elements in the sediments of Lake Hunger. The vegetational history, from palynological analysis, of Lake Hunger from postglacial time to the present includes the following stages: tundra, open spruce forest, closed boreal forest, deciduous forest and the trend towards the re-establishment of pine following the clearing of land and the subsequent settlement of the Lake Hunger area by European settlers. The concentrations of some elements (cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium) in the sediments of Lake Hunger appears to be higher during pre-cultural compared to post-cultural times. At least one complete postglacial record of the chemical history within a lake basin is necessary in order to accurately assess man's effects on his environment.