The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of sec-Butyl peroxide in liquid phase /|nby Sandor Szilagyi. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

Re~tes artd pJ~oducts of tllerma]. d,ecom.position of sec-butyl peroxide at 110 - 150°C i.n four solvents h,ave been determined. The d,ecompos i tion vJas sb.o\'\Tn to be tlnlmolecl.llar wi tho energies of activation in toluene, benzene, and cyclohexane of 36 .7-+ 1.0, 33.2 +- 1..0, 33.t~) +.. 1.0 I'(:cal/mol respectively. The activation energy of thermal decomposition for the d,et.1terated peroxide was found to be 37.2 4:- 1.0 KC8:1/1TIol in toluene. A.bo1J.t 70 - 80/~ ol~ tJJ.e' pl~od.1..1CtS could, be explained by kn01rJ11 reactions of free allcoxy raclicals J and very littJ...e, i.f allY, disPl"Opox~tiol'lation of tll10 sec-butoxy radica.ls in t116 solvent cage could be detected. The oth,er 20 - 30% of the peroxide yielded H2 and metb.:'ll etb..yl 1{etol1e. Tl1.e yield. o:f H2 "'lIas unafJ:'ected by the nature or the viscosity of the solvent, but H2 was not formed when s-t1U202 lrJaS phctolyzed. in tolttene at 35°C nor 'tl!Jrl.en the peroxide 1;'JaS tl1.ermally o..ecoJnposed. in the gas p11ase. ~pC-Dideutero-~-butYlperoxide was prepared and decomposed in toluene at 110 - 150°C. The yield of D2 was about ·•e1ne same 248 the yield. of I{2 from s-Bu202, bU.t th.e rate of decomposition (at 135°C) 1iJas only 1/1.55 as fast. Ivlecl1.anisms fOl') J:1ydrogen produ.ction are discussed, but none satisfactorily explains all the evidence.

The influence of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation on the contractile performance of fatigued mammalian skeletal muscle

ABSTRACT The myosm regulatory light chain (RLC) of type II fibres is phosphorylated by Ca2+ -calmodulin dependent myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) during muscular activation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of skMLCK gene ablation on the fatigability of mouse skeletal muscles during repetitive stimulation. The absence of myosin RLC phosphorylation in skMLCK knockout muscles attenuated contractile performance without a significant metabolic cost. Twitch force was potentiated to a greater extent in wildtype muscles until peak force had diminished to ~60% of baseline (37.2 ± 0.05% vs. 14.3 ± 0.02%). Despite no difference in peak force (Po) and shortening velocity (Vo), rate of force development (+dP/dt) and shortening-induced deactivation (SID) were almost two-fold greater in WT muscles. The present results demonstrate that myosin RLC phosphorylation may improve contractile performance during fatigue; providing a contractile advantage to working muscles and protecting against progressive fatigue.

The association between maternity insurance, residence status and selected perinatal outcomes among Chinese women

Objective: To investigate the impact of maternity insurance and maternal residence on birth outcomes in a Chinese population. Methods: Secondary data was analyzed from a perinatal cohort study conducted in the Beichen District of the city of Tianjin, China. A total of 2364 pregnant women participated in this study at approximately 12-week gestation upon registration for receiving prenatal care services. After accounting for missing information for relevant variables, a total of 2309 women with single birth were included in this analysis. Results: A total of 1190 (51.5%) women reported having maternity insurance, and 629 (27.2%) were rural residents. The abnormal birth outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA, n=217 (9.4%)), large for gestational age (LGA, n=248 (10.7%)), birth defect (n=48 (2.1%)) including congenital heart defect (n=32 (1.4%)). In urban areas, having maternal insurance increased the odds of SGA infants (1.32, 95%CI (0.85, 2.04), NS), but decreased the odds of LGA infants (0.92, 95%CI (0.62, 1.36), NS); also decreased the odds of birth defect (0.93, 95%CI (0.37, 2.33), NS), and congenital heart defect (0.65, 95%CI (0.21, 1.99), NS) after adjustment for covariates. In contrast to urban areas, having maternal insurance in rural areas reduced the odds of SGA infants (0.60, 95%CI (0.13, 2.73), NS); but increased the odds of LGA infants (2.16, 95%CI (0.92, 5.04), NS), birth defects (2.48, 95% CI (0.70, 8.80), NS), and congenital heart defect (2.18, 95%CI (0.48, 10.00), NS) after adjustment for the same covariates. Similar results were obtained from Bootstrap methods except that the odds ratio of LGA infants in rural areas for maternal insurance was significant (95%CI (1.13, 4.37)); urban residence was significantly related with lower odds of birth defect (95%CI (0.23, 0.89)) and congenital heart defect (95%CI (0.19, 0.91)). Conclusions: whether having maternal insurance did have an impact on perinatal outcomes, but the impact of maternal insurance on the perinatal outcomes showed differently between women with urban residence and women with rural residence status. However, it is not clear what are the reason causing the observed differences. Thus, more studies are needed.

Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazolylidenes from 1,10-Phenathrolines and 1,10-Phenathroline-2,9-dione /

A^-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become the focus of much interest as ancillary ligands for transition metal catalysts in recent years. Their structural variability and strong cy-donation properties have led to the preparation of demonstrably useful organometallic catalysts. Among the three general structural types of NHCs (imidazolylidenes, imidazolinylidenes, and benzimidazolylidenes), benzimidazolylidenes are the least investigated because of the limitation of current synthetic approaches. The preparation of chiral analogues is even more challenging. Previously, our group has demonstrated an alternative approach to synthesizing benzimidazolylidenes with a tetracyclic framework in three steps from 1,10-phenanthroline. This thesis is focused on approaches to chiral benzimidazolylidenes derived from substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines. A key step in the preparation of these ligands involves a reduction of the pyridyl rings in 1,10-phenanthrolines. Chirality can be introduced to phenanthrolines before, during, or after the reduction as illustrated by three approaches: 1) de novo construction of the phenanthroline from chiral ketones with endo and exo faces to provide a degree of diastereoselectivity during subsequent reduction; 2) introduction of substituents into the 2- and 2,9- position of phenanthroline by nucleophilic aromatic substitution, followed by a reduction-resolution sequence; and 3) use of the protected octahydrophenanthroline as a substrate for chiral induction a to nitrogen.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 14 - Lock 26 and Allanburgh

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal as it passes through the Village of Allanburgh. Identified structures and features associated with the Canal include Lock 26, a Guard Lock, Lock Tender's House, the New Cut, waste wear, and the towing path. Parts of the old canal are indentified and include Old Lock 36 and 37, and the Old Cut. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. Holland Road, Centre Street, Falls Street, Canal Street, and Clifton Street), Allanburgh Hotel, Rannies Store, Wright and Duncan Grist Mill, A. Vanderburgh Saw Mill, W. Pennock Shingle Factory, John Harper Tavern, a very delapitated Grist and Saw Mill, store house, a shanty, and a number of other structures - some of which are identified by their owners: A. Vanderburgh, W. Wright, C. Brent, and H. Mussen. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 118 and 119, Captain Creighton, and William H. Merritt Jr. A number of small properties labeled 1 through 39 are present and of these 6 - 15 are reserved for a Mill Site and are outlined in red. Several other pieces of land are outlined in blue and belong to: W. B. Hendershot, P. Finlay, W. Wright, and L. Leslie. There is also a piece of land reserved for hydraulic purposes.

Blueprint - 200 K.W. D.C. Vert. Type Gen. 125 V. 8 P. 600 R.P.M., B 89521, 10586, 2-R1-H21.6

A blueprint produced by Westinghouse Electric & MFG. Co. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvanna. The blueprint is dated 19 August 1903 and is stamped "OBSOLETE".

Schedule of prices for Brown and McDonell, contractors, for sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Port Dalhousie Thorold Railway

Schedule of prices for Brown and McDonell, contractors, for sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Port Dalhousie Thorold Railway (1 page, handwritten), Sept. 24, 1856.