Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 17 - Through Humberstone

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the area through Humberstone. Identified structures associated with the Canal include Spoil Banks, Towing Path, Back Ditches and Culvert. Surveyor measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks include Lyons Creek and Big Elm Tree. Roads running parallel to Canal include the south Road Allowance and the Road to Port Colborne. Roads running perpendicular to Canal include Road Allowance between the 3rd and 4th Concessions, Road Allowance between the 4th and 5th Concessions. Properties are noted as Lot No. 28, 4th Concession, Lot No. 27, 4th Concession and Lot No. 26, 4th Concession."Humberstone"

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 18 - Through Humberstone

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the area through Humberstone Township. Identified structures associated with the Canal are the north and south back ditches, Towing Path and spoil banks. Surveyor measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks include Tram Way to Peat Beds. Roads running parallel to Canal are the Road to Port Colborn and the northern Road Allowance. Roads running parallel to Canal are Road Allowance between the 2nd and 3rd Concession, Road Allowance between the 3rd and 4th Concession. Properties and property owners are noted as follows: J. Thompson, J. Sullivan, J. Leady, John Neff and Peter Neff. Other properties include: Lot No. 27, 3rd Concession, Lot No. 26, 3rd Concession and Lot No. 25, 3rd Concession."Humberstone" - Scale 4 Chs. per Inch

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 19 - Petersburgh and Humberstone

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the areas in and around Petersburg and Humberstone. Identified structures associated with the Canal include North and South Back Ditches, Bridge Tender's Building, Towing Path, Old Back Ditch, and Covered Drain. Features of the First Welland Canal are noted in red ink. Surveyor measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks include bridge, barns, ruins of Stone Mill (burnt), Wesbern (Wabern) Hotel and spoil banks. Roads labelled running parallel to Canal is the south Road Allowance. Roads perpendicular to Canal include Road Allowance between 1st and 2nd Concession, Road to Waterloo Ferry, Road Allowance between 2nd and 3rd Concessions. Properties and property owners/renters are identified as follows: A. Augustine, Captain Duffil, O. Farres, I. Schooley, George Augustine, E. Schooley (Schooly), R. and J. Kilmer (Killmer), J. Urich, J. Thompson (Tompson), M. Reeb, G. Wilson, J. Klee, John Steel, E. Augustine, Furry, J. Jackson, Robert House, R. White, J. Crame, D. Saff, J. Kinnard, J. Schooley, Dickson, C. Erhoff, and G. Rother."Village of Petersburgh" - Scale 2 Chs. per Inch "Humberstone" - Scale 4 Chs. per Inch,

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 20 - Village of Port Colborne

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the areas in and around Port Colborne and Grantham Township. Identified structures associated with the Canal include Basin, Guard Lock, Two Lock Tender Houses, Lock House Lot, Collectors Office House, Towing Path, North and South Back Ditches, and land reserved for future improvemnt of basin. Surveyor measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink as well as pencil. Local area landmarks dentified include Bridge, Rail Road Swing Bridge, Spoil Bank, Water Tank, Frazer Street Railway Station, Buffalo and Lake Huron Rail Road, Welland Rail Road, and land reserved for "Gardens for Lock Tenders". Local businesses identified include A.K Scholfield Store House Lot and Wharf, two stores and a tavern. Roads running parallel to Canal include King St., "present Travel Road", and the Southern Road Allowance. Roads running perpendicular to Canal include Kent St., Charlotte St., Clarence St., Princess St., Elgin St., George St., Frazer St., Alma St., Eastern Road Allowance. Properties and property owners are also identified and include P. White, John Flynn, George McMicking, Charles Carter, William H. Merritt, A.K. Scholfield, F. Gallgher, Ed McCabe, M. Smith, E. Lawder, J. Hanley, J. Harris, P. Gibbons, M. McGoveran, M. Madden, J. Hardison, T. Nihan, D. Gibbons, J. Cross, William Mellanby, Elis Gordon, Jane McCardy, L.G. Carter, T. Greenwood, C. Armstrong, J. McGillivray, T. Schofield, Mrs. Lanue, D. Mc_______, K. Minor, J. Manly and John McRae.

Welland Canal Survey of Lands Nathan Pawling 1826; includes map and text.

Survey map and description of Nathan Pawling's land created by The Welland Canal Company. Included is a written description of the land along with a drawing of the land. Noteable features include; the dock, pier and tow path. The original bed of 12 mile creek is also noted on the map. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map. The map notes the division of land between Pawling and Robert Brown's land. Click on 'detail' to see Map.

The Albion, or British, Colonial and Foreign Weekly Gazette Vol. 5, No. 18- May 2, 1846. Article on Major General Isaac Brock and the 41st Regiment on the second (reverse) page.

A weekly paper published from 1822 to 1856.

DNA-Directed DNA Polymerases Evolve From Reverse Transcriptase

Scientists have been debating for decades the origin of life on earth. A number of hypotheses were proposed as to what emerged first RNA or DNA; with most scientists are in favour of the "RNA World" hypothesis. Assuming RNA emerged first, it fellow that the RNA polymerases would've appeared before DNA polymerases. Using recombinant DNA technology and bioinformatics we undertook this study to explore the relationship between RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerases. The working hypothesis is that DNA polymerases evolved from reverse transcriptase and the latter evolved from RNA polymerases. If this hypothesis is correct then one would expect to find various ancient DNA polymerases with varying level of reverse transcriptase activity. In the first phase of this research project multiple sequence alignments were made on the protein sequence of 32 prokaryotic DNA-directed DNA polymerases originating from 11 prokaryotic families against 3 viral reverse transcriptase. The data from such alignments was not very conclusive. DNA polymerases with higher level of reverse transcriptase activity were non-confined to ancient organisms, as one would've expected. The second phase of this project was focused on conditions that may alter the DNA polymerase activity. Various reaction conditions, such as temperature, using various ions (Ni2+, Mn2+, Mg2+) were tested. Interestingly, it was found that the DNA polymerase from the Thermos aquatics family can be made to copy RNA into DNA (i.e. reverse transcriptase activity). Thus it was shown that under appropriate conditions (ions and reactions temperatures) reverse transcriptase activity can be induced in DNA polymerase. In the third phase of this study recombinant DNA technology was used to generate a chimeric DNA polymerase; in attempts to identify the region(s) of the polymerase responsible for RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. The two DNA polymerases employed were the Thermus aquatic us and Thermus thermophiles. As in the second phase various reaction conditions were investigated. Data indicated that the newly engineered chimeric DNA polymerase can be induced to copy RNA into DNA. Thus the intrinsic reverse transcriptase activity found in ancient DNA polymerases was localized into a domain and can be induced via appropriate reaction conditions.

Service Learning in Higher Education: A Road Map

As institutions of higher education struggle to stay relevant, competitive, accessible, and flexible, they are scrambling to attend to a shift in focus for new students. This shift involves experiential learning. The purpose of this major research paper was to examine the existing structures, to seek gaps in the experiential learning programs, and to devise a framework to move forward. The specific focus was on experiential learning at Brock University in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences. The methodology was underscored with cognitive constructivism and appreciative theory. Data collection involved content analysis steps established by Krippendorff (2004) and Weber (1985). Data analysis involved the four dimensions of reflection designed by LaBoskey, including the purpose, context, content, and procedures. The results developed understandings on the state of formal processes and pathways within service learning. A tool kit was generated that defines service learning and offers an overview of the types of service learning typically employed. The tool kit acts as a reference guide for those interested in implementing experiential learning courses. Importantly, the results also provided 10 key points in experiential learning courses by Emily Allan. A flow chart illustrates the connections among each of the 10 points, and then they are described in full to establish a strategy for the way forward in experiential learning.

Chautauqua Manoeuvre Map - 1915

A map of Lake Ontario near Niagara on the Lake. The map is titled Chautauqua Manoeuvre Map and is dated May 28, 1915.

Towards reverse engineering of Photosystem II: Synergistic Computational and Experimental Approaches

ABSTRACT Photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthesis has the unique ability to photochemically oxidize water, extracting electrons from water to result in the evolution of oxygen gas while depositing these electrons to the rest of the photosynthetic machinery which in turn reduces CO2 to carbohydrate molecules acting as fuel for the cell. Unfortunately, native PSII is unstable and not suitable to be used in industrial applications. Consequently, there is a need to reverse-engineer the water oxidation photochemical reactions of PSII using solution-stable proteins. But what does it take to reverse-engineer PSII’s reactions? PSII has the pigment with the highest oxidation potential in nature known as P680. The high oxidation of P680 is in fact the driving force for water oxidation. P680 is made up of a chlorophyll a dimer embedded inside the relatively hydrophobic transmembrane environment of PSII. In this thesis, the electrostatic factors contributing to the high oxidation potential of P680 are described. PSII oxidizes water in a specialized metal cluster known as the Oxygen Evolving Complex (OEC). The pathways that water can take to enter the relatively hydrophobic region of PSII are described as well. A previous attempt to reverse engineer PSII’s reactions using the protein scaffold of E. coli’s Bacterioferritin (BFR) existed. The oxidation potential of the pigment used for the BFR ‘reaction centre’ was measured and the protein effects calculated in a similar fashion to how P680 potentials were calculated in PSII. The BFR-RC’s pigment oxidation potential was found to be 0.57 V, too low to oxidize water or tyrosine like PSII. We suggest that the observed tyrosine oxidation in BRF-RC could be driven by the ZnCe6 di-cation. In order to increase the efficiency of iii tyrosine oxidation, and ultimately oxidize water, the first potential of ZnCe6 would have to attain a value in excess of 0.8 V. The results were used to develop a second generation of BFR-RC using a high oxidation pigment. The hypervalent phosphorous porphyrin forms a radical pair that can be observed using Transient Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (TR-EPR). Finally, the results from this thesis are discussed in light of the development of solar fuel producing systems.

Thorold Patentees Map, no date

A map of Thorold showing the lots and names of the individuals who were granted the lots. In some cases, the year that the original grants were made are included. A note on the back of the map indicates that the information was taken from the Centennial History of Thorold or from the Patentees map.

Map of part of the “Smith & Kerby” tract in the City of Brantford, County of Brant, Ontario, no date.

An abstract map of a part of the “Smith & Kerby tract” lying within the City of Brantford, County of Brant, Ontario. There is no date on the map. The map shows parts from McMurray’s Survey, Mrs. G.S. Wilkes Survey, and the Howell Survey.

Map - Plan of Attack of a Iagdkommaudo west of Cantigny, 27 May 1918

A map titled "Plan of Attack of a Iagdkommaudo west of Cantigny on 27 May 1918. There are two sketches and the legend indicates that sketch no. 1 is "Firing until 7A.M." and sketch no. 2 is "Firing after 7A.M."

Map - Principaute de Monaco

A map of Monaco with legend of fifty locations.