Chemical, biochemical, and molecular characterization of a low vindoline Catharanthus roseus mutant.

The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drug vinblastine, which is formed via the coupling of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) catharanthine and vindoline. A mutant line of C. roseus (M2-1865) with an altered MIA profile was identified in a screen of 4000 M2 lines generated by ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) chemical mutagenesis. While this line did not accumulate vinblastine due to reduced levels of vindoline within the leaves, significant levels of 2,3-epoxide derivatives of tabersonine accumulated on the leaf surface. Detailed nucleotide, amino acid, and enzyme activity analyses of tabersonine 3-reductase in the M2-1865 line showed that a single amino acid substitution (H189Y) diminished the biochemical activity of T3R by 95%. Genetic crosses showed the phenotype to be recessive, exhibiting standard Mendelian single-gene inheritance. The usefulness of EMS mutagenesis in elucidating MIA biosynthesis is highlighted by the results of this study.

Wrestling Card - Dan O'Connor

The wrestler's name is Dan O'Connor and the number stamped on the reverse is 230.

Wrestling Card - Joe Corbett

The wrestler's name is Joe Corbett and the number stamped on the reverse is 139.

Wrestling Card - Ken Kenneth

The wrestler's name is Ken Kenneth and the number stamped on the reverse is 119.

Wrestling Card - Bobby Bruns

The wrestler's name is Bobby Bruns and the number stamped on the reverse is 536. There is also some handwriting "Mid Western wrestling champion".

Wrestling Card - Pete Petersen

The wrestler's name is Pete Petersen and the number stamped on the reverse appears to be 630.

Wrestling Card - Sandy O'Donnell

The wrestler's name is Sandy O'Donnell and the number stamped on the reverse is 095.

Wrestling Card - Nango Singh

The wrestler's name is Nango Singh and the number stamped on the reverse is 439.

Wrestling Card - Mike Mazurki

The wrestler's name is Mike Mazurki and the number stamped on the reverse is 459.

Wrestling Card - Bob Wagner

The wrestler's name is Bob Wagner and the number stamped on the reverse is faded. There is a handwritten number RA9972.

Wrestling Card - Tommy O'Toole

The wrestler's name is Tommy O'Toole and the number stamped on the reverse of the second card is 836.

Wrestling Card - Martin "Blimp" Levy

The wrestler's name is Martin "Blimp" Levy and the number stamped on the reverse is 913.

Wrestling Card - Lee Henning

The wrestler's name is Lee Henning and the number stamped on the reverse is 764.

Wrestling Card - H.I. Lee

The wrestler's name is H.I. Lee and the number stamped on the reverse is 599. The second card is stamped 051.

Wrestling Card - Dr. Ed. Meske

The wrestler's name is Dr. Ed. Meske and the number stamped on the reverse (wearing suit and tie) is 301. The number on the reverse of the other card is 704.