Indenture between Owen Clifford and Margaret Clifford to John Charles Rykert and William B. Gilleland

Indenture of mortgage deed between Owen Clifford and Margaret Clifford of the Township of Grantham to John Charles Rykert and William B. Gilleland of St. Catharines regarding parts of Lots no. 10 and 11 in the 9th Concession of the Township of Grantham. Registered in the Township of Grantham Register on September 15, 1870 - instrument no. 804 and registered in the Township of Grantham Register of February 8, 1872 - instrument no. 1104, September 15, 1870.

Indenture between Margaret Clifford and Samuel D. Woodruff

Indenture of deed of land between Margaret Clifford of Grantham and Samuel D. Woodruff of St. Catharines for lots 12 and 13 in the 8th Concession in the Township of Grantham. This was registered February 7, 1872 - instrument no. 19112 [?], February 2, 1872.

Indenture between Margaret Adams and Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff

Indenture of deed of land by way of quit-claim between Margaret Adams of St. Catharines and Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff of St. Catharines regarding parts of Lots no. 20 and 21 in the 5th and 6th Concessions in the Township of Grantham. This was registered in the Lincoln County Registry on January 21, 1875 - instrument no. 2053 and instrument no. 4819, January 20, 1875.

Indenture between Anne Steele, Anne Pickard and Margaret Ellen Rogers

Indenture of deed of land situate between Anne Steele of West Nissouri, wife of Archibald Steele of the first part, Anne Pickard of Niagara Township of the second part and Margaret Ellen Rogers, wife of Henry Rogers of Niagara Township of the third part. This is in regard to part of Lot no. 113 in Niagara Township. This was registered in the Township of Niagara on July 5, 1882 – instrument no. 1744, June 13, 1882.

Indenture between Hamilton K. Woodruff and Margaret Julia Band

Indenture (Registrar’s printed Certified Copy) between Hamilton K. Woodruff and Margaret Julia Band. This is in regard to parcels and tracts of land in the townships of Sherbourne (no.367), registered June 14, 1926 and Stanhope (no.784) registered Jan. 28, 1926 in the Provisional County of Haliburton, Nov. 3, 1942.

Indenture between Julia Cleveland Woodruff and Margaret Julia Band

Indenture of Release of Dower between Julia Cleveland Woodruff of St. Catharines (widow of Hamilton K. Woodruff) and Margaret Julia Band of Toronto (wife of Percy K. Band). On Jan.28, 1926 Hamilton K. Woodruff granted and conveyed to Margaret Julia Band 1 acre in the Township of Sherbourne composed of Woodruff Island in St. Nora’s Lake opposite lot no.2 in the 1st concession of Sherborne, except the pine trees on the island. There were also 75 acres in the town of Sherborne composed of St. Margaret’s Island in St. Nora’s Lake. Julia Cleveland did not join in the execution of this conveyance but has agreed to execute this indenture in order to release her dower in said lands. Margaret Julia Band paid $1 to Julia Cleveland Woodruff to complete this transaction, Dec. 1947.

Announcement of Birth of Margaret Elizabeth

Announcement of the birth of Margaret Elizabeth by Mr. and Mrs. P.C. Band, Toronto, June 6, 1924.

Birthday Card to Margaret from her Father H.K. Woodruff

Birthday card and envelope to Margaret from her father H.K. Woodruff, April, 1916.

Hardcover notebook with the name Margaret J. Woodruff inside the front cove

Hardcover notebook with the name Margaret J. Woodruff inside the front cover. The notebook contains lists of items such as china, glass, silver and pewter. Farther on in the book there are names of various women connected with lists of items. Some of the pages are torn out, 1910.

Indenture of bargain and sale between James and Margaret Boulton of the City of Toronto and to Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Niagara

Indenture of bargain and sale between James and Margaret Boulton of the City of Toronto and to Joseph A. Woodruff of the Town of Niagara for 2 acres in Lot no. 279 and 280 in the Town of Niagara, Mar. 20, 1854.

Letter to Robert Nelles from his daughter Margaret Pilkington

Letter to Robert Nelles from his daughter Margaret Pilkington (2 ½ pages, handwritten). She talks about her brother’s letter of Nov. 9th and she mentions an article that was in the newspaper about immortal heroes of Upper Canada. She also congratulates Robert on his late appointment, Nov. 14, 1814.

Letter to Robert Nelles from his daughter Margaret Pilkington

Letter to Robert Nelles from his daughter Margaret Pilkington (3 pages, handwritten) in which she introduces her father to Dr. Pilkington formerly of the 19th Light Dragoons. Dr. Pilkington has some idea of settling in Upper Canada. She concludes the letter by saying that Doctor Pilkington has given up the idea of settling in Upper Canada. The first part of the letter is dated Feb. 24, 1816 and the second half, Feb. 24, 1816.

A school-based cognitive behavior modification intervention strategy for learned helpless mentally retarded students

This study assessed the usefulness of a cognitive behavior modification (CBM) intervention package with mentally retarded students in overcoming learned helplessness and improving learning strategies. It also examined the feasibility of instructing teachers in the use of such a training program for a classroom setting. A modified single subject design across individuals was employed using two groups of three subjects. Three students from each of two segregated schools for the mentally retarded were selected using a teacher questionnaire and pupil checklist of the most learned helpless students enrolled there. Three additional learned helplessness assessments were conducted on each subject before and after the intervention in order to evaluate the usefulness of the program in alleviating learned helplessness. A classroom environment was created with the three students from each school engaged in three twenty minute work sessions a week with the experimenter and a tutor experimenter (TE) as instructors. Baseline measurements were established on seven targeted behaviors for each subject: task-relevant speech, task-irrelevant speech, speech denoting a positive evaluation of performance, speech denoting a negative evaluation of performance, proportion of time on task, non-verbal positive evaluation of performance and non-verbal negative evaluation of performance. The intervention package combined a variety of CBM techniques such as Meichenbaum's (1977) Stop, Look and Listen approach, role rehearsal and feedback. During the intervention each subject met with his TE twice a week for an individual half-hour session and one joint twenty minute session with all three students, the experimentor and one TE. Five weeks after the end of this experiment one follow up probe was conducted. All baseline, post-intervention and probe sessions were videotaped. The seven targeted behaviors were coded and comparisons of baseline, post intervention, and probe testing were presented in graph form. Results showed a reduction in learned helplessness in all subjects. Improvement was noted in each of the seven targeted behaviors for each of the six subjects. This study indicated that mentally retarded children can be taught to reduce learned helplessness with the aid of a CBM intervention package. It also showed that CBM is a viable approach in helping mentally retarded students acquire more effective learning strategies. Because the TEs (Tutor experimenters) had no trouble learning and implementing this program, it was considered feasible for teachers to use similar methods in the classroom.

The Falkland Islands War of 1982: a legal, diplomatic and strategic evaluation

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.

The law of the sea: the United States, Canada and the deep seabed

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.