Community and the Recognition of the Other: A Levinasian Examination of The City, Inc. 1987-1992

This case study examines how The City, Inc.’s work within North and South Minneapolis, Minnesota neighborhoods from 1987 and 1992 was framed within a compilation of articles drawn from prominent Twin Cities’ daily newspapers. Positioned within a conceptual framework based on the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, this study explores how the idea of community, as constructed and reinforced through organizational initiatives and local print media, impacts the everyday relationships of those within and between communities. Framed within a discourse analysis, Levinasian ethics considers what aspects of community discourse restrict and oppress the relation with the other. The study concludes by suggesting how the identified aspects of conditional belonging, finding the trace, and building community can be valuable in offering an alternative to assessment-style research by considering the relationship and responsibility of the one for the other.

Indenture - Land sold by Hart Smith of Lincoln County to James Fields of Newark in Oxford County

Indenture regarding land sold by Hart Smith of Lincoln County to James Fields of Newark in Oxford County, First Concession, Lot no. 3. October 11, 1797.

Indenture of Land Sold by Jacob Cochanour to Adam Hutt

Indenture regarding land sold by Jacob Cochanour of Flamborough West to Adam Hutt of Stamford Township. This land included 100 acres in Lot. no. 11, Stamford - instrument no. 5057, July 9, 1816.

Indenture Land Sold by Thomas Clark to Lewis Clement, 1817

Indenture regarding land sold by Thomas Clark of Stamford Township to Lewis Clement of Niagara Township. The land includes 50 acres in the northern half of Lot 58 in Niagara Township - instrument no. 5356, January 17, 1817.

Indenture (vellum) Land Sold by John Fink and Polly Fink to Jacob Cross

Indenture (vellum) regarding land sold by John Fink and Polly Fink of Clinton Township to Jacob Cross of Clifton Township. The land includes 100 acres in Lot no. 9 in the 4th Concession in the Township of Clinton - instrument no. 6543, May 27, 1818.

Indenture of Land Sold by David Secord to George Shaw, Richard Woodruff, Timothy Street, Josiah Brown, Henry Pope

Indenture regarding land sold by David Secord of St. Davids to George Shaw, Richard Woodruff, Timothy Street and Josiah Brown, all of Niagara Township and Reverend Henry Pope of York. The land includes part of Lot no. 90 in the Township of Niagara. September 5, 1820.

Indenture of Land Sold by Solomon Quick to Henry Woodruff

Indenture regarding land sold by Solomon Quick of Niagara Township to Henry Woodruff from London District consisting of 1/4 acre and 4 perches in the Village of St. Davids. This was registered on February 2, 1826 - instrument no. 6761, February 3, 1821.

Indenture of Land Sold by Benjamin Middough to William Woodruff

Indenture stating that Benjamin Middough of Stamford sold a tract of land in the County of Oxford, district of London to William Woodruff of Niagara. The land consisted of 200 acres on lot 34 of the 2nd Concession. This transaction was registered on August 4, 1834 - instrument no. 2413. The date of sale was January 17, 1823.

Indenture of Land Sold by John Robertson to John Jackson

Indenture regarding land sold by John Robertson of Niagara to John Jackson of Niagara. This transaction is for part of Lot no. 93 in Niagara Township. This document was registered in the Lincoln and Haldimand Registry on September 10, 1823 in Book J folio 322 - instrument no. 6357. Date of transaction was May 5, 1823.

Indenture Lease of Land by David Secord to Richard and William Woodruff

Indenture stating that David Secord of the Township of Niagara leased the dam of the sawmill pond in St. Davids to Richard and William Woodruff for 25 shillings per year for their mill business, May 2, 1824.

Indenture of Land Sold by George Shaw to Richard and William Woodruff

Indenture stating that George Shaw of Niagara sold 1 acre, 2 roods and 1 perch in the Village of St. Davids to Richard and William Woodruff. The price was 66 pounds - instrument no. 6926, June 9, 1824.

Sale of Land for Taxes to W.H. Dickson

Notice of sale of land for taxes to W. H. Dickson. This is a handwritten document. The land consists of 4 acres of Lot no. 12 in the 5th Concession of Wainfleet. This is dated May 23, 1857 [signatures are illegible]. On the back there is a note that Walter Hamilton Dickson has transferred this land to Joseph Augustus Woodruff, Dec. 3, 1861.

Clipping of an advertisement for Thomas Steers and Abraham Steers, Land Agency and Conveyancing Offices

Clipping of an advertisement for Thomas Steers and Abraham Steers, Land Agency and Conveyancing Offices, July 17, 1844.

Indenture of Agreement for Sale of Land between Samuel Woodruff to Calvin and Ezekiel Cudney

Indenture of Agreement for Sale of Land between Samuel Woodruff of St. Catharines to Calvin and Ezekiel Cudney of the Township of Niagara regarding a footpath and parts of the lots 9 and 10 on the Welland River (78 acres), Oct. 30, 1883.

Indenture of Agreement for Sale of Land between Samuel Woodruff to Calvin and Ezekiel Cudney

Indenture of Agreement for Sale of Land between Samuel Woodruff of St. Catharines to Calvin and Ezekiel Cudney of the Township of Niagara. This is a copy of the previous document but there is an additional note on this document about an “agreement for cutting timber”. This is signed by S.D. Woodruff, Jan. 1885.