Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Co.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff to please remit funds for the Crick, Howard, Crew and Schmidt accounts. The letter is signed by Jarvis, Conklin and Co., April 1, 1885.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan Farm Mortgages

Letter to S.D. Woodruff to acknowledge the sending of Crew and Mauk papers signed Jarvis, Conklin and Co., April 15, 1885.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan Farm Mortgages

Letter to S.D. Woodruff which accompanied Crick documents. It is signed Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan Farm Mortgages, April 18, 1885.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan Farm Mortgages

Letter to S.D. Woodruff which accompanied the Underwood abstract. It is signed Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan, May 4, 1885.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Co.

Letter (1 ½ handwritten pages) to S.D. Woodruff offering the Jones County Texas Courthouse, subject to sale. The letter is signed by Jarvis, Conklin and Co., June 3, 1885.

Letter accompanying coupons to Mr. S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan

Letter accompanying coupons to Mr. S.D. Woodruff from Jarvis, Conklin and Morgan, June 23, 1885.

Letter from S.D. Woodruff to the president and directors of the Port Robinson and Thorold Macadamized Road Committee regarding extra work done

Letter from S.D. Woodruff to the president and directors of the Port Robinson and Thorold Macadamized Road Committee regarding extra work done (3 pages, handwritten), Aug. 6, 1857.

Estimates for marsh drainage sent to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff for Alexander Cook and Andrew Mains

Estimates for marsh drainage sent to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff for Alexander Cook and Andrew Mains, Nov. 30, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Leitch, Maclean and Co. of Montreal

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Leitch, Maclean and Co. of Montreal regarding building supplies, June 26, 1875.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Burrell, McEwen and Co.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Burrell, McEwen and Co. stating that the mantle mirror will not fit into the drawing room, Sept. 26, 1876.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Burrell, McEwen and Co.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Burrell, McEwen and Co. stating that they did not have the damask in sufficient quantity so they purchased all silk damask, Sept. 26, 1876.

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, New York, postmarked Hudson Terminal Station, New York, June 17, 1913.

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, New York, postmarked Hudson Terminal Station, New York, Sept. 23, 1913.

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law

Envelope addressed to Mr. Welland D. Woodruff from Caldwell, Masslich and Reed, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, New York, postmarked Hudson Terminal Station, New York, Sept. 22, 1913.

An investigation into the effects of homopteran honeydew sugars versus floral nectar sugars on black fly longevity, flight performance and digestion /

Floral nectar is thought to be the primary carbohydrate source for most dipteran species. However, it has been shown that black flies (Burgin & Hunter 1997 a,b,c), mosquitoes (Foster 1995; Burkett et al. 1999; Russell & Hunter 2002), deer flies (Magnarelli & Burger 1984; Janzen & Hunter 1998; Ossowski & Hunter 2000), horse flies (Schutz & Gaugler 1989; Hunter & Ossowski 1999) and sand flies (MacVicker et al. 1990; Wallbanks et al. 1990; Cameron et al. 1992, 1995; Schlein & Jacobson 1994, 1999; Hamilton & EI Naiem 2000) feed on homopteran honeydew as well as floral nectar. Prior to 1997 floral nectar was thought to be the main source of carbohydrates for black flies. However, Burgin & Hunter (1 997a) demonstrated that up to 35% of black flies had recently consumed meals of homo pte ran honeydew. This information has necessitated a re-assessment of many life history aspects of black flies. Attempts are being made to examine the effects of nectar versus honeydew on black fly fecundity and parasite transmission (Hazzard 2003). Recently, Stanfield and Hunter (unpublished data) have shown that in female black flies, honeydew sugars produce flights of longer distance and duration than do nectar sugars. This thesis examines two aspects of black fly biology as it relates to sugar meal consumption. First, the effects of honeydew and nectar on black fly longevity are examined. Second, the proximate causation behind longer flight performances in honeydew-fed flies will be examined. The comparison between these two sources is important because nectar is composed of mainly simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) whereas honeydew is composed of both simple and complex sugars (including trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides ).