O empreendedorismo. O perfil do empreendedor da Ilha de Santiago Cabo Verde

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido através de pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e de campo, feito a trezentos e noventa e nove empreendedores e empresários da Ilha de Santiago, tendo em consideração o cenário económico actual e a preocupação à volta do sector privado. Procurou-se através de pesquisa junto às empresas activas, e cujo número de pessoas ao seu serviço não ultrapassa vinte, identificar três pontos fundamentais relacionados com os empreendedores: investigar os factores que levaram as pessoas a tornarem-se empreendedores; investigar as características principais do empreendedor de sucesso; identificar as características imprescindíveis para se atingir o sucesso empresarial relacionadas com o conhecimento, competências, atitude e talento, sequenciadas por ordem de importância. Para um melhor entendimento destas questões foi utilizado um referencial teórico que aborda o empreendedorismo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada através de utilização de questionários – entrevistas às empresas estabelecidas nesta ilha, e o método de recolha de dados foi o de entrevista directa. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os empreendedores enfatizam a importância dos factores comportamentais no sucesso das pequenas e médias empresas e evidenciaram que os factores mais significativos e limitativos do sucesso dos empreendedores no Município da Praia, ilha de Santiago, se referem ao ambiente interno do negócio. Considerando todos estes factores e de acordo com as pesquisas desenvolvidas e analisadas, este trabalho recolheu informações específicas dos empreendedores de sucesso da ilha de Santiago e que podem ser úteis para os que almejam o sucesso empresarial e para eventuais programas de capacitação e formação empreendedora na ilha. This work presents a qualitative study developed through exploratory, bibliographic and field research to three hundred and ninety nine managers and entrepreneurs from Santiago Island, taking into consideration the present economical scenario and main concerns linked to private sector. Through a research in active enterprises and whose staff number doesn’t exceed twenty, the goal was to identify three main issues related to entrepreneurs: look into the factors that encouraged people to become entrepreneurs; examine the main characteristics of a successful entrepreneur and identify, sequenced by order of importance, the most critical characteristics related to knowledge, skills, attitude and talent, that allow entrepreneurial success achievement. For a better understanding of these questions, a theoretical approach to entrepreneurship was exploited. Field research was carried on through the use of questionnaires in enterprises located in Praia, and the data collection method was direct interviews. Results obtained showed that entrepreneurs emphasize the importance of behavioral factors in the success of small and medium enterprises and they evidenced that the most significant and restrictive factors of entrepreneurs’ success in Santiago Island are related to internal business environment. Considering these factors, and according to research developed and analyzed, the work has collected specific information of successful entrepreneurs in Santiago that can be useful for those, in the island, who seek entrepreneurial success and for eventual capacity building and entrepreneurial training programs.

O empreendedorismo. O perfil do empreendedor da Ilha de Santiago Cabo Verde

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido através de pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e de campo, feito a trezentos e noventa e nove empreendedores e empresários da Ilha de Santiago, tendo em consideração o cenário económico actual e a preocupação à volta do sector privado. Procurou-se através de pesquisa junto às empresas activas, e cujo número de pessoas ao seu serviço não ultrapassa vinte, identificar três pontos fundamentais relacionados com os empreendedores: investigar os factores que levaram as pessoas a tornarem-se empreendedores; investigar as características principais do empreendedor de sucesso; identificar as características imprescindíveis para se atingir o sucesso empresarial relacionadas com o conhecimento, competências, atitude e talento, sequenciadas por ordem de importância. Para um melhor entendimento destas questões foi utilizado um referencial teórico que aborda o empreendedorismo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada através de utilização de questionários – entrevistas às empresas estabelecidas nesta ilha, e o método de recolha de dados foi o de entrevista directa. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os empreendedores enfatizam a importância dos factores comportamentais no sucesso das pequenas e médias empresas e evidenciaram que os factores mais significativos e limitativos do sucesso dos empreendedores no Município da Praia, ilha de Santiago, se referem ao ambiente interno do negócio. Considerando todos estes factores e de acordo com as pesquisas desenvolvidas e analisadas, este trabalho recolheu informações específicas dos empreendedores de sucesso da ilha de Santiago e que podem ser úteis para os que almejam o sucesso empresarial e para eventuais programas de capacitação e formação empreendedora na ilha. This work presents a qualitative study developed through exploratory, bibliographic and field research to three hundred and ninety nine managers and entrepreneurs from Santiago Island, taking into consideration the present economical scenario and main concerns linked to private sector. Through a research in active enterprises and whose staff number doesn’t exceed twenty, the goal was to identify three main issues related to entrepreneurs: look into the factors that encouraged people to become entrepreneurs; examine the main characteristics of a successful entrepreneur and identify, sequenced by order of importance, the most critical characteristics related to knowledge, skills, attitude and talent, that allow entrepreneurial success achievement. For a better understanding of these questions, a theoretical approach to entrepreneurship was exploited. Field research was carried on through the use of questionnaires in enterprises located in Praia, and the data collection method was direct interviews. Results obtained showed that entrepreneurs emphasize the importance of behavioral factors in the success of small and medium enterprises and they evidenced that the most significant and restrictive factors of entrepreneurs’ success in Santiago Island are related to internal business environment. Considering these factors, and according to research developed and analyzed, the work has collected specific information of successful entrepreneurs in Santiago that can be useful for those, in the island, who seek entrepreneurial success and for eventual capacity building and entrepreneurial training programs.

STRATEGIES TO SURPASS THE VULNERABILITY OF THE SMALL ISLAND STATES WITH FEW RESOURCES: THE CASE OF CAPE VERDE

The problem of small Island Developing States (SIDS) is quite recent, end of the 80s and 90s, still looking for a theoretical consolidation. SIDS, as small states in development, formed by one or several islands geographically dispersed, present reduced population, market, territory, natural resources, including drinkable water, and, in great number of the cases, low level of economic activity, factors that together, hinder the gathering of scale economies. To these diseconomies they come to join the more elevated costs in transports and communications which, allies to lower productivities, to a smaller quality and diversification of its productions, which difficult its integration in the world economy. In some SIDS these factors are not dissociating of the few investments in infrastructures, in the formation of human resources and in productive investments, just as it happens in most of the developing countries. In ecological terms, many of them with shortage of natural resources, but integrating important ecosystems in national and world terms, but with great fragility relatively to the pollution action, of excessive fishing, of uncontrolled development of tourism, factors that, conjugated and associated to the stove effect, condition the climate and the slope of the medium level of the sea water and therefore could put in cause the own survival of some of them. The drive to the awareness of the international community towards its problems summed up with the accomplishment by the United Nations in the Barbados’s Conference, 1994 where the right to the development was emphasized, through the going up the appropriate strategies and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of the SIDS. The orientation of the regional and international cooperation in that sense, sharing technology (namely clean technology and control and administration environmental technology), information and creation of capacity-building, supplying means, including financial resources, creating non discriminatory and just trade rules, it would drive to the establishment of a world system economically more equal, in which the production, the consumption, the pollution levels, the demographic politics were guided towards the sustainability. It constituted an important step for the recognition for the international community on the specificities of those states and it allowed the definition of a group of norms and politics to implement at the national, regional and international level and it was important that they continued in the sense of the sustainable development. But this Conference had in its origin previous summits: the Summit of Rio de Janeiro about Environment and Development, accomplished in 1992, which left an important document - the Agenda 21, in the Conference of Stockholm at 1972 and even in the Conference of Ramsar, 1971 about “Wetlands.” CENTRO DE ESTUDOS AFRICANOS Occasional Papers © CEA - Centro de Estudos Africanos 4 Later, the Valletta Declaration, Malta, 1998, the Forum of Small States, 2002, get the international community's attention for the problems of SIDS again, in the sense that they act to increase its resilience. If the definition of “vulnerability” was the inability of the countries to resist economical, ecological and socially to the external shocks and “resilience” as the potential for them to absorb and minimize the impact of those shocks, presenting a structure that allows them to be little affected by them, a part of the available studies, dated of the 90s, indicate that the SIDS are more vulnerable than the other developing countries. The vulnerability of SIDS results from the fact the they present an assemblage of characteristics that turns them less capable of resisting or they advance strategies that allow a larger resilience to the external shocks, either anthropogenic (economical, financial, environmental) or even natural, connected with the vicissitudes of the nature. If these vulnerability factors were grouped with the expansion of the economic capitalist system at world level, the economic and financial globalisation, the incessant search of growing profits on the part of the multinational enterprises, the technological accelerated evolution drives to a situation of disfavour of the more poor. The creation of the resilience to the external shocks, to the process of globalisation, demands from SIDS and of many other developing countries the endogen definition of strategies and solid but flexible programs of integrated development. These must be assumed by the instituted power, but also by the other stakeholders, including companies and organizations of the civil society and for the population in general. But that demands strong investment in the formation of human resources, in infrastructures, in investigation centres; it demands the creation capacity not only to produce, but also to produce differently and do international marketing. It demands institutional capacity. Cape Verde is on its way to this stage.

Coaching como factor de Diferenciação nas Organizações

O mundo empresarial tem sido alvo de mudanças impulsionadas pela globalização. Neste sentido, as empresas que pretendem sobreviver e atingir um bom nível de competitividade devem focalizar-se na capacitação, no desenvolvimento e na motivação constante dos seus colaboradores. Devido à importância dos recursos humanos como diferencial competitivo, o processo de coaching como modelo de gestão da mudança, tem vindo a merecer muita importância no contexto organizacional. O processo de coaching em consonância com programas de desenvolvimento da liderança no contexto organizacional/empresarial visa ajudar os colaboradores a desenvolverem novas atitudes e competências ao alcance das metas organizacionais. O intuito deste trabalho é apresentar esclarecimentos acerca do termo, abordando os aspectos mais relevantes e o seu respectivo impacto no contexto organizacional. Realizou-se um Estudo de Caso baseado numa empresa de produção e prestação de serviços em São Vicente, com a finalidade de avaliar a motivação dos seus colaboradores, através da aplicação de um questionário aos mesmos. Na sequência da análise dos resultados sugeriu-se um modelo que mais se adapta à realidade da empresa. The business world has been challenged by several changes driven by globalization. Considering the present situation, companies that intend to survive and achieve a somewhat good level of competiveness should focus on their employee’s constant capacity building, development and motivation. Considering the Human Resources importance as a competitive differential, the coaching process as a change management module has been a very importance on the organizational context. The coaching process together with the leadership development programmes on the organizational/entrepreneurial context enables the employees to develop new attitudes and skills aiming for organizational goals. This paper purpose is to enlighten the reader on the subject, addressing the most relevant issues and its impact on the organizational context. We’ve conducted a Case Study, of a production and service company on S. Vicente Island, aiming to assess the employee’s motivation, through the application of a questionnaire. Following the results analysis, a model was proposed to better fit the company’s reality.

Soil and Water Conservation Strategies in Cape Verde (Cabo Verde in Portuguese) and Their Impacts on Livelihoods - An Overview from the Ribeira Seca Watershed

Severe land degradation has strongly affected both people’s livelihood and the environment in Cape Verde (Cabo Verde in Portuguese), a natural resource poor country. Despite the enormous investment in soil and water conservation measures (SWC or SLM), which are visible throughout the landscape, and the recognition of their benefits, their biophysical and socioeconomic impacts have been poorly assessed and scientifically documented. This paper contributes to filling this gap, by bringing together insights from literature and policy review, field survey and participatory assessment in the Ribeira Seca Watershed through a concerted approach devised by the DESIRE project (the “Desire approach”). Specifically, we analyze government strategies towards building resilience against the harsh conditions, analyze the state of land degradation and its drivers, survey and map the existing SWC measures, and assess their effectiveness against land degradation, on crop yield and people’s livelihood. We infer that the relative success of Cape Verde in tackling desertification and rural poverty owes to an integrated governance strategy that comprises raising awareness, institutional framework development, financial resource allocation, capacity building, and active participation of rural communities. We recommend that specific, scientific-based monitoring and assessment studies be carried out on the biophysical and socioeconomic impact of SLM and that the “Desire approach” be scaled-up to other watersheds in the country.

Building adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change in the water sector in Cape Verde

Purpose of the evaluation This is a scheduled standard mid-term evaluation (MTR) of a UNDP implemented GEF LDCF co-financed project. It is conducted by a team of an international and a national independent evaluator. The objective of the MTR, as set out in the Terms of Reference (TORs; Annex 1), is to provide an independent analysis of the progress of the project so far. The MTR aims to:  identify potential project design problems,  assess progress towards the achievement of the project objective and outcomes,  identify and document lessons learned (including lessons that might improve design and implementation of other projects, including UNDP-GEF supported projects), and  make recommendations regarding specific actions that should be taken to improve the project. The MTR is intended to assess signs of project success or failure and identify the necessary changes to be made. The project commenced its implementation in the first half of 2010 with the recruitment of project staff. According to the updated project plan, it is due to close in July 201410 with operations scaling down in December 2013 due to funding limits. Because of a slow implementation start, the mid-term evaluation was delayed to July 201311 The intended target audience of the evaluation are:  The project team and decision makers in the INGRH  The GEF and UNFCCC Operational Focal Points  The project partners and beneficiaries  UNDP in Cape Verde as well as the regional and headquarter (HQ) office levels  The GEF Secretariat.