"As you receive with one hand, so should you give with the other": the mutual-help practices of Cape Verdeans on the Lisbon periphery”

Rural Cape Verdeans employ a number of mutual-help practices to mitigate the uncertainties surrounding activities fundamental to their subsistence. One of these practices is djunta mon (‘to work together’), a loosely planned, non-monetized system of allocating labor at peak intervals during the growing season. By means of djunta mon, neighbors or family members work in each other’s fields until the tasks of every landowning participant are complete. Alongside djunta mon in rural Cape Verde exist a number of other non-remunerated mutual-help practices, such as djuda mutua (‘mutual help’) and laja kaza (‘to add concrete to one’s house’). While less visible than djunta mon, they are nonetheless important in completing tasks essential to rural life in the islands. In this thesis, I will attempt to show how Cape Verdean immigrants in Lisbon have adapted the mutual-help practices of rural Cape Verde to a new, transnational context. The iterations of these practices in Lisbon differ from their rural counterparts in that they involve fewer people, occur on a year-round basis, and are concerned primarily with domestic work. They also help people find employment, access childcare, secure interest-free credit, and construct or repair houses. I will argue that extensive mutual-help ties ensure Cape Verdean migrants in Lisbon a sufficient pool of family and friends upon which they can rely for support and assistance. An additional element I will explore is the perception among Cape Verdean immigrants that these mutual-help practices seem to be occurring with less frequency. While this shift is in part due to the availability of other means of support, I will contend that the changing attitude of Cape Verdeans towards mutual help is also due to their encountering neoliberal notions of ‘self-accountability.’ Thus, Cape Verdeans perceive that their mutual-help practices are in decline, while simultaneously needing the material support that they provide.

Uma análise de CP não expandido para o sistema de complementadores do Crioulo de Cabo Verde

A temática deste artigo recai sobre a chamada periferia esquerda da frase em crioulo de Cabo Verde (variante de Santiago – CCV), especificamente sobre o seu sistema de complementadores. À semelhança de outras línguas, o CCV exibe construções sintácticas que exigem a projecção do CP, cuja função é identificar/cunhar uma frase, na perspectiva da Hipótese de Cunhagem das Frases, de Cheng (1991). Concretamente, Cheng propõe que as línguas podem ser classificadas relativamente à forma como a cunhagem opera, i.e., através de Mover (e.g., inglês) ou de Merge (e.g., mandarim). Note-se, contudo, que algumas línguas exibem uma tipologia mista, como o árabe egípcio e o bahasa indonésio. Neste artigo, pretende-se (i) apresentar uma descrição dos elementos que podem ocorrer em Cº em CCV e (ii) propor uma análise baseada em traços formais que dê conta da distribuição dos complementadores do CCV, sem precisar de recorrer à hipótese do CP expandido, de Rizzi (1997).