Simulation in Third Cycle English Language Teaching

Many researchers have suggested simulation as a powerful tool to transpose the normal classroom into an authentic setting where language skills can be performed under more realistic conditions. This paper will outline the benefits of simulation in the classroom, provide additional topics to Third Cycle English Language National Syllabus to be discussed / simulated in the classroom and also provide two simulation lesson plans with samples for Capeverdean Third Cycle English Language Students.

Representações de Cabo Verde e dos Cabo-verdianos: 1890-1910

O nosso objectivo consiste em analisar como, no período que vai do Ultimatum britânico de 1890 à implantação de I República em Portugal (1910), se representavam o arquipélago de Cabo Verde e a sua sociedade, partindo do princípio que quem representava eram sobretudo os colonos portugueses e, por outro lado, de como os próprios cabo-verdianos se auto-representavam. Para a representação tanto do espaço como da sociedade em si, tivemos em linha de conta um conjunto de questões sociais, geográficas e territoriais, que nos permitiu, de uma forma clara, caracterizar e descrever quer o espaço, quer a sociedade cabo-verdiana no período estudado. Neste sentido e atendendo à nossa finalidade, dividimos o trabalho em três capítulos; No primeiro, analisámos a sociedade cabo-verdiana da época e de maneira a perceber de que sociedade se está a falar, caracterizando-a do ponto de vista social, cultural e religiosa; No segundo, abordamos a questão da identidade cultural, o que nos permitiu descrever a sua representação e o sentimento de pertença da sociedade caboverdiana; Finalmente, no terceiro e último capítulo, caracterizámos o espaço, falando da identidade geográfica propriamente dita, concluindo como se representava Cabo Verde – província/colónia ou África.

IRELAND AND LATIN AMERICA: A CULTURAL HISTORY

According to Declan Kiberd, “postcolonial writing does not begin only when the occupier withdraws: rather it is initiated at that very moment when a native writer formulates a text committed to cultural resistance.” The Irish in Latin America – a continent emerging from indigenous cultures, colonisation, and migrations – may be regarded as colonised in Ireland and as colonisers in their new home. They are a counterexample to the standard pattern of identities in the major English-speaking destinations of the Irish Diaspora. Using literary sources, the press, correspondence, music, sports, and other cultural representations, in this thesis I search the attitudes and shared values signifying identities among the immigrants and their families. Their fragmentary and wide-ranging cultures provide a rich context to study the protean process of adaptation to, or rejection of, the new countries. Evolving from oppressed to oppressors, the Irish in Latin America swiftly became ingleses. Subsequently, in order to join the local middle classes they became vaqueros, llaneros, huasos, and gauchos so they could show signs of their effective integration to the native culture, as seen by the Latin American elites. Eventually, some Irish groups separated from the English mainstream culture and shaped their own community negotiating among Irishness, Englishness, and local identities in Brazil, Uruguay, Peru, Cuba, and other places in the region. These identities were not only unmoored in the emigrants’ minds but also manoeuvred by the political needs of community and religious leaders. After reviewing the major steps and patterns of Irish migration to Latin America, the thesis analyses texts from selected works, offers a version of how the settlers became Latin Americans or not, and elucidates the processes by which a new Irish-Latin American hybrid was created.