Os Estudos Africanos no Desenvolvimento da Biblioteca Norte/Sul (BN/S) do Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES) da Universidade de Coimbra

Esta comunicação pretende constituir uma partilha das dinâmicas de apoio à pesquisa especializada e das interacções desenvolvidas pela Biblioteca Norte/Sul (BN/S) no contexto da criação de um espaço teórico alternativo não limitado às influências culturais ocidentais. A BN/S apoia a missão do Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES) da Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra acompanhando o seu planeamento estratégico, tendo também o compromisso de apoiar a investigação dos projectos, dos núcleos e dos programas de doutoramento da instituição, alguns ministrados em parceria com as Faculdades de Direito, de Economia e de Letras. A “clientela” é – na sua grande maioria – investigadores permanentes, investigadores juniores, doutorandos, pós-doutorandos e alunos integrados em parcerias com universidades brasileiras, em particular, e com as universidades angolanas, cabo-verdianas, goesas, guineenses, moçambicanas, entre outras. A BN/S pretende criar um acervo – prioritariamente constituído por monografias e publicações periódicas – resultante da produção científica realizada nos países do hemisfério Sul – na área das ciências sociais e humanas, englobando um amplo espectro de temas. Pretende-se, assim, com esta comunicação partilhar a experiência da BN/S, resultante da necessidade de melhorar sobretudo a qualidade das publicações sobre estudos africanos, adquiridas com o intuito de apoiar o Programa de Doutoramento “Pós-colonialismo e cidadania global” que abrange temas tão diversos como Justiça, Cidadania, Religião, Feitiçaria, Conhecimentos alternativos, Literatura, etc.

Lidar com a doença mental : a pluralidade de sistemas de cuidados e de itinerários terapêuticos : análise comparativa de dois estudos efectuados junto de duas populações residentes em Portugal

Several studies point to the plurality of care systems to deal with illness. They can be organized into professional, popular and alternative systems (the latter includes the complementary and the traditional ones). What the particular setup is in each cultural system is the core question of both the empirical studies we report. The purpose of this article is to understand how lay people deal with mental illness, examining the therapeutic itineraries that are constructed between plural care systems, featuring in particular the use of traditional medicine. The analysis of the two studies (one carried out in the north region and the other in Lisbon) allowed us to interpret these practices and discuss the social and cultural factors that determine and explain the settings that were found. Both researches fit into a qualitative methodology. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed and were analyzed using discourse analysis to describe and interpret data. The results point to a plurality of therapeutic itineraries, built around public and private speeches, where the explanatory systems underlying the use of official medicine and/or traditional practices found plural meanings. People may use these systems in several forms, using one or combining more than one, simultaneously or sequentially, depending on the context and on the needs they feel to face both illness and mental suffering. It is in between the space of the impotence and ‘incompetence’ of the ‘wise’ medicine that other therapeutic systems develop. It is important to understand those systems because of their achievements and their heuristic power to explain society and culture.

STRATEGIES TO SURPASS THE VULNERABILITY OF THE SMALL ISLAND STATES WITH FEW RESOURCES: THE CASE OF CAPE VERDE

The problem of small Island Developing States (SIDS) is quite recent, end of the 80s and 90s, still looking for a theoretical consolidation. SIDS, as small states in development, formed by one or several islands geographically dispersed, present reduced population, market, territory, natural resources, including drinkable water, and, in great number of the cases, low level of economic activity, factors that together, hinder the gathering of scale economies. To these diseconomies they come to join the more elevated costs in transports and communications which, allies to lower productivities, to a smaller quality and diversification of its productions, which difficult its integration in the world economy. In some SIDS these factors are not dissociating of the few investments in infrastructures, in the formation of human resources and in productive investments, just as it happens in most of the developing countries. In ecological terms, many of them with shortage of natural resources, but integrating important ecosystems in national and world terms, but with great fragility relatively to the pollution action, of excessive fishing, of uncontrolled development of tourism, factors that, conjugated and associated to the stove effect, condition the climate and the slope of the medium level of the sea water and therefore could put in cause the own survival of some of them. The drive to the awareness of the international community towards its problems summed up with the accomplishment by the United Nations in the Barbados’s Conference, 1994 where the right to the development was emphasized, through the going up the appropriate strategies and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of the SIDS. The orientation of the regional and international cooperation in that sense, sharing technology (namely clean technology and control and administration environmental technology), information and creation of capacity-building, supplying means, including financial resources, creating non discriminatory and just trade rules, it would drive to the establishment of a world system economically more equal, in which the production, the consumption, the pollution levels, the demographic politics were guided towards the sustainability. It constituted an important step for the recognition for the international community on the specificities of those states and it allowed the definition of a group of norms and politics to implement at the national, regional and international level and it was important that they continued in the sense of the sustainable development. But this Conference had in its origin previous summits: the Summit of Rio de Janeiro about Environment and Development, accomplished in 1992, which left an important document - the Agenda 21, in the Conference of Stockholm at 1972 and even in the Conference of Ramsar, 1971 about “Wetlands.” CENTRO DE ESTUDOS AFRICANOS Occasional Papers © CEA - Centro de Estudos Africanos 4 Later, the Valletta Declaration, Malta, 1998, the Forum of Small States, 2002, get the international community's attention for the problems of SIDS again, in the sense that they act to increase its resilience. If the definition of “vulnerability” was the inability of the countries to resist economical, ecological and socially to the external shocks and “resilience” as the potential for them to absorb and minimize the impact of those shocks, presenting a structure that allows them to be little affected by them, a part of the available studies, dated of the 90s, indicate that the SIDS are more vulnerable than the other developing countries. The vulnerability of SIDS results from the fact the they present an assemblage of characteristics that turns them less capable of resisting or they advance strategies that allow a larger resilience to the external shocks, either anthropogenic (economical, financial, environmental) or even natural, connected with the vicissitudes of the nature. If these vulnerability factors were grouped with the expansion of the economic capitalist system at world level, the economic and financial globalisation, the incessant search of growing profits on the part of the multinational enterprises, the technological accelerated evolution drives to a situation of disfavour of the more poor. The creation of the resilience to the external shocks, to the process of globalisation, demands from SIDS and of many other developing countries the endogen definition of strategies and solid but flexible programs of integrated development. These must be assumed by the instituted power, but also by the other stakeholders, including companies and organizations of the civil society and for the population in general. But that demands strong investment in the formation of human resources, in infrastructures, in investigation centres; it demands the creation capacity not only to produce, but also to produce differently and do international marketing. It demands institutional capacity. Cape Verde is on its way to this stage.

A Exclusão Social em Cabo Verde Uma Abordagem Preliminar

Em Portugal, podemos encontrar no inicio dos anos 80 Mário Murteira (1982) com uma distinção muito clara dos dois conceitos: “A noção de crescimento económico é essencialmente quantitativa e refere-se ao aumento regular do produto nacional a preços constantes (ou, o que é o mesmo, a preços reais). Quanto ao desenvolvimento trata-se de uma noção qualitativa, bem mais complexa, e envolve a explicitação de juízos de valor. O desenvolvimento é um conceito normativo que traduz determinada concepção desejável da mudança social ou do processo histórico em dada formação social referenciada no espaço e no tempo

Pertença e nacionalidade: a auto-identificação dos imigrantes cabo-verdianos e brasileiros residentes em Portugal

Tendo em conta as funções da nacionalidade e da nação, a via da concessão nacionalidade enquanto estratégia política para a promoção da integração social dos imigrantes poderá não será a mais adequada. Mais do que facilitar a concessão da nacionalidade, cuja aquisição deverá ser o culminar de um processo de integração social bem sucedido, os esforços políticos deverão centrar-se na extensão da cidadania e do respectivo catálogo de direitos e deveres, de modo a assegurar não só a protecção dos estrangeiros, mas também a estabilidade social da nação e do Estado.