The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA, version 2.1) : lasten toimintamahdollisuuksien itsearviointi COSA:n esittely ja suomentamisprosessi

T��m��n opinn��ytety��n tarkoituksena on aloittaa lapsille ja nuorille suunnatun The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA, version 2.1) itsearviointimenetelm��n suomenkielisen version k����nn��sty��. COSA on asiakasl��ht��inen itsearviointi, jolla kartoitetaan lasten ja nuorten kokemusta toiminnallisesta p��tevyydest����n ja jokap��iv��isten toimintojen t��rkeydest�� heille. COSA pohjaa Inhimillisen toiminnan malliin ja sen toteutus seuraa asiakasl��ht��ist�� teoriaa. COSA:n avulla voidaan asettaa toimintaterapialle tavoitteet ja tarkastella niiden toteutumista. Ty��ss��mme suomennamme arviointimenetelm��n nimen muotoon; Lasten toimintamahdollisuuksien itsearviointi COSA. Arviointimenetelm��n k����nn��sty�� tehd����n Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulu Stadian toimintaterapian koulutusohjelmalle. Opinn��ytety��ss�� esittelemme ensin arviointia ja tavoitteiden asettamista lasten toimintaterapiassa sek�� itsearvioinnin k��ytt��mist�� arviointimenetelm��n��. Esittelemme COSA itsearviointimenetelm��n sek�� sen taustalla vaikuttavat Inhimillisen toiminnan mallin sis��ll��n ja asiakasl��ht��isyyden. Kartoitamme my��s The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA, version 2.1 )itsearviointimenetelm��n kehittymist��, sit�� edelt��neit�� arviointimenetelmi�� ja COSA:sta aiemmin tehtyj�� tutkimuksia. Opinn��ytety��ss�� suomennamme COSA:n arviointilomakkeen. Arviointilomakkeessa on 25 lasten ja nuorten toiminnallista p��tevyytt�� ja jokap��iv��isten toimintojen t��rkeytt�� kartoittava v��itt��m����. Suomentamisprosessissa selvit��mme COSA:n arviointilomakkeen v��itt��mien suomennosten ymm��rrett��vyyden onnistumista kahdeksan k��ytt��kokeiluun ja haastatteluun osallistuvan lapsen avulla. Saimme arviointilomakkeen suomentamisprosessiin apua nelj��lt�� lasten kanssa ty��skentelev��lt�� toimintaterapeutilta sek�� koulutusohjelmamme koulutusp����llik��lt��. K��ytt��kokeiluiden sek�� toimintaterapeuttien palautteiden avulla viimeistelimme suomennetun arviointilomakkeen v��itt��m��t. Opinn��ytety��n lopuksi pohdimme arviointilomakkeen suomentamisprosessin vaiheita sek�� mahdollisia jatkotutkimusehdotuksia. Luovutimme Lasten toimintamahdollisuuksien itsearviointi COSA:n arviointilomakkeen koulutusohjelmamme k��ytt����n ja mahdollisten jatkotutkimusten kohteeksi.

Predicting diffusion of innovations with self-organisation and machine learning

The main subject of this master's thesis was predicting diffusion of innovations. The prediction was done in a special case: product has been available in some countries, and based on its diffusion in those countries the prediction is done for other countries. The prediction was based on finding similar countries with Self-Organizing Map~(SOM), using parameters of countries. Parameters included various economical and social key figures. SOM was optimised for different products using two different methods: (a) by adding diffusion information of products to the country parameters, and (b) by weighting the country parameters based on their importance for the diffusion of different products. A novel method using Differential Evolution (DE) was developed to solve the latter, highly non-linear optimisation problem. Results were fairly good. The prediction method seems to be on a solid theoretical foundation. The results based on country data were good. Instead, optimisation for different products did not generally offer clear benefit, but in some cases the improvement was clearly noticeable. The weights found for the parameters of the countries with the developed SOM optimisation method were interesting, and most of them could be explained by properties of the products.

Fourier self-deconvolution in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectrum analysis

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is rapidly developing into a unique microscopic tool in biophysics, biology and the material sciences. The nonlinear nature of CARS spectroscopy complicates the analysis of the received spectra. There were developed mathematical methods for signal processing and for calculations spectra. Fourier self-deconvolution is a special high pass FFT filter which synthetically narrows the effective trace bandwidth features. As Fourier self-deconvolution can effectively reduce the noise, which may be at a higher spatial frequency than the peaks, without losing peak resolution. The idea of the work is to experiment the possibility of using wavelet decomposition in spectroscopic for background and noise removal, and Fourier transformation for linenarrowing.

Patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness

This study explores areas which need to be improved to develop the quality of patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness in psychiatric hospitals. The study was conducted in five phases during the period 2000 ��� 2007. First, patients��� (n = 313) satisfaction with patient education were investigated. Second, patients' (n = 51) experiences of patient education were explored. Third, a national survey was conducted to investigate realisation of patient education from the staff (n = 55) viewpoint. Fourth, outcomes of patient education were investigated by evaluating the impacts of different patient education methods on patients��� (n = 311) attitudes towards medication, knowledge level and importance of information. Fifth, patients��� (n = 16) perceptions of different patient education methods were explored. Patients reported poor satisfaction with patient education (Phase I), and they have considerable need to receive information during their hospital stay (Phase II). Described by staff, the content of patient education covered almost all informational areas investigated. However, discrepancies related to the realisation of patient education were found. (Phase III.) Evaluation of different patient education methods indicate that patients derived benefits from structured patient education with supportive methods (Phase IV) and patients also perceived that these methods supported their information receiving (Phase V). In order to improve the quality of patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness patient education should be systematically and individually provided to all patients by using different educational methods. Realisation of this should be ensured by providing written instructions, improving nurses��� knowledge and skills as well ensuring operating conditions.

Speaking Wounds ��� Silence, Self-injury and Healing in Patricia McCormick���s Cut

Pro gradu -tutkielmani k��sittelee itsens�� vahingoittamisen, hiljaisuuden ja toipumisen representaatioita Patricia McCormickin nuorille aikuisille suunnatussa teoksessa Cut. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on analysoida itsens�� vahingoittamista kirjallisuudentutkimuksellisesta n��k��kulmasta. Vaikka itsens�� vahingoittamisesta on englanninkielisill�� markkinoilla olemassa runsaasti psykologista kirjallisuutta, ei sen representaatioita kirjallisuudessa ole viel�� juurikaan tutkittu. N��iden representaatioiden analysointi on t��rke����, sill�� 1990-luvun alkupuolella syntyi nuortenkirjallisuudessa genre, joka keskittyy juuri itsens�� vahingoittamisen k��sittelyyn. Patricia McCormickin Cut on edustava esimerkki t��m��n genren romaanista. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu monitieteellisist�� teksteist��. Ensisijaisina l��htein�� ovat Patrick Fueryn teoreettiset k��sitykset hiljaisuudesta ja poissa-olosta sek�� Christine Wilkie-Stibbsin feministiset luennat yksitt��isist�� nuortenkirjoista. Armando R. Favazzan kliiniset m����ritelm��t itsens�� vahingoittamisesta luovat perustan k��ytt��milleni termeille. P����paino tutkielmassa on kuitenkin omalla luennallani romaanista. Tutkimustuloksena on, ett�� sek�� p����henkil��n hiljaisuus ett�� itsens�� viiltely ovat monimerkityksisi�� ja dynaamisia tiloja. Ne toimivat kommunikaation ja itsehoidon v��linein��. Viiltelyyn sis��ltyy voimakkaasti hoivan k��site, sill�� viilt��m��ll�� itse����n p����henkil�� yritt���� k��sitell�� ja helpottaa henkist�� ahdistustaan. Sek�� hiljaisuus ett�� viiltely auttavat eri tavoin p����henkil���� k��sittelem����n ja sis��ist��m����n oman tilansa ja n��in ollen my��s edist��v��t paranemisprosessia, joka jatkuu puheen kautta perinteisess�� psykoterapeuttisessa diskurssissa. Teos painottaa puheen roolia, mutta my��s hiljaisuus ja viiltely muodostavat yht��l��iset kommunikaatio- ja hoitov��yl��t.

Intercultural bridges in teenagers' theatrical events : performing self and constructing cultural identity through a creative drama process

The overriding aim of this drama educational case study is to deepen the understanding of meaning making in a creative intercultural youth theatre process and to examine it in the context of the 10th European Children's TheatreEncounter. The research task is to give a theoretical description of some key features of a creative drama process as the basis for theory about meaning makingin physical theatre. The first task is to illuminate the culture-historical connections of the multilayered practice of the EDERED-association. The second taskis to analyse and interpret theatrical meaning making. The ethnographical research site is regarded as a theatrical event. The analysis of the theatrical eventis divided into four segments: cultural contexts, contextual theatricality, theatrical playing and playing culture. These segments are connected with four research questions: What are the cultural contexts of a creative drama process? How can the organisation of the Encounter, genres, aesthetic codes and perception ofcodes be seen to influence the lived experiences of the participants? What are some of the key phases and characteristics in a creative practice? What kind of cultural learning can be interpreted from the performance texts? The interpretative question concerns identity and community (re)construction. How are the categories, `community�� and `child�� constructed in the Encounter culture? In this drama educational case study the research material (transcribed interviews, coded questionnaire answers, participant drawings, videotaped process text and performance texts) are examined in a multi-method analysis in the meta-theoretical framework of Dewey's naturalistic pragmatism. A three-dimensional research interest through a combination of lived experiences, social contexts and cultural-aesthetical practices compared with drama-educational practices required the methodological project of cultural studies. Furthermore, the critical interpretation of cultural texts is divided into three levels of analyses which are called description, structural analysis and theoretical interpretation. Dialogic validity (truthfulness, self-reflexivity and polyvocality) is combined with contextual validity (sensitivity to social context and awareness of historicity) and with deconstructive validity (awareness of the social discourses). My research suggests that itis possible, by means of physical theatre, to construct symbolic worlds where questions about intercultural identity and multilingual community are examined and where provisional answers are constructed in social interaction.

Methods for construction and analysis of computational models in systems biology : applications to the modelling of the heat shock response and the self-assembly of intermediate filaments

Systems biology is a new, emerging and rapidly developing, multidisciplinary research field that aims to study biochemical and biological systems from a holistic perspective, with the goal of providing a comprehensive, system- level understanding of cellular behaviour. In this way, it addresses one of the greatest challenges faced by contemporary biology, which is to compre- hend the function of complex biological systems. Systems biology combines various methods that originate from scientific disciplines such as molecu- lar biology, chemistry, engineering sciences, mathematics, computer science and systems theory. Systems biology, unlike ���traditional��� biology, focuses on high-level concepts such as: network, component, robustness, efficiency, control, regulation, hierarchical design, synchronization, concurrency, and many others. The very terminology of systems biology is ���foreign��� to ���tra- ditional��� biology, marks its drastic shift in the research paradigm and it indicates close linkage of systems biology to computer science. One of the basic tools utilized in systems biology is the mathematical modelling of life processes tightly linked to experimental practice. The stud- ies contained in this thesis revolve around a number of challenges commonly encountered in the computational modelling in systems biology. The re- search comprises of the development and application of a broad range of methods originating in the fields of computer science and mathematics for construction and analysis of computational models in systems biology. In particular, the performed research is setup in the context of two biolog- ical phenomena chosen as modelling case studies: 1) the eukaryotic heat shock response and 2) the in vitro self-assembly of intermediate filaments, one of the main constituents of the cytoskeleton. The range of presented approaches spans from heuristic, through numerical and statistical to ana- lytical methods applied in the effort to formally describe and analyse the two biological processes. We notice however, that although applied to cer- tain case studies, the presented methods are not limited to them and can be utilized in the analysis of other biological mechanisms as well as com- plex systems in general. The full range of developed and applied modelling techniques as well as model analysis methodologies constitutes a rich mod- elling framework. Moreover, the presentation of the developed methods, their application to the two case studies and the discussions concerning their potentials and limitations point to the difficulties and challenges one encounters in computational modelling of biological systems. The problems of model identifiability, model comparison, model refinement, model inte- gration and extension, choice of the proper modelling framework and level of abstraction, or the choice of the proper scope of the model run through this thesis.

Ambivalent self-understanding? : change, language and boundaries in the Shetland Islands (1970���present)

Avhandlingen ber��r spr��kets roll p�� Shetlands��arna fr��n ��r 1970 till idag och shetl��ndarnas sj��lvbild som shetl��ndare och skottar. ��arna, som ligger i Storbritanniens nordligaste del, beskrivs ofta som kulturellt annorlunda och unika. ��ven om shetl��ndarna uppfattar sig sj��lva som annorlunda, har utomst��ende betraktare tidvis tonat ner, tidvis betonat ��arnas kulturella s��rdrag. Shetlands��arna utg��r ett intressant unders��kningsobjekt, eftersom shetl��ndarnas uppfattningar om sig sj��lva som en s��rskild grupp har genomg��tt en f��r��ndring under de fyra senaste ��rtiondena. Den ekonomiska h��gkonjunktur som var en konsekvens av oljefynden i Nordsj��n och 1990-talets politiska f��r��ndringar p�� ��arna och i Skottland har b��da p��verkat de s��tt p�� vilka Shetland beskrivs och f��rst��s. I den f��r��ndrade samh��llssituationen tvingades shetl��ndarna omv��rdera sin relation till det skotska fastlandet. Man var ocks�� tvungen att hitta nya svar p�� fr��gan vilka shetl��ndarna ��r och p�� vilka s��tt man borde v��rna om den verkliga eller f��rest��llda kulturella autonomin. Avhandlingens syfte var att unders��ka och analysera de s��tt p�� vilka de samh��lleliga f��r��ndringarna har p��verkat shetl��ndarnas sj��lvf��rst��else, s��rskilt de uppfattningar som ��r kopplade till spr��ket. Unders��kningen visar att m��nga av dagens uppfattningar om en kulturell s��rart kan sp��ras till slutet av 1800-talet och tiden efter andra v��rldskriget. Som avhandlingen visar har spr��khistorien spelat en viktig roll i den process i vilken shetl��ndarna har s��rskilt sig som en separat grupp. Spr��kets betydelse kan f��rst��s korrekt endast om man i st��llet f��r att betrakta shetl��ndarna som en etnisk grupp betraktar Shetlands��arna som en relativt sett autonom beslutf��r region. I detta fall fungerar dialekten som en symbol f��r regional samh��righet.