Studies on the Multifaceted Interaction of Atoms and an Electromagnetic Field

In this Thesis the interaction of an electromagnetic field and matter is studied from various aspects in the general framework of cold atoms. Our subjects cover a wide spectrum of phenomena ranging from semiclassical few-level models to fully quantum mechanical interaction with structured reservoirs leading to non-Markovian open quantum system dynamics. Within closed quantum systems, we propose a selective method to manipulate the motional state of atoms in a time-dependent double-well potential and interpret the method in terms of adiabatic processes. Also, we derive a simple wave-packet model, based on distributions of generalized eigenstates, explaining the finite visibility of interference in overlapping continuous-wave atom lasers. In the context of open quantum systems, we develop an unraveling of non-Markovian dynamics in terms of piecewise deterministic quantum jump processes confined in the Hilbert space of the reduced system - the non-Markovian quantum jump method. As examples, we apply it for simple 2- and 3-level systems interacting with a structured reservoir. Also, in the context of ion-cavity QED we study the entanglement generation based on collective Dicke modes in experimentally realistic conditions including photonic losses and an atomic spontaneous decay.

Effects of feed processing on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing wheat bran or wheat middlings

Selostus: Prosessoinnin vaikutus vehnän sivutuotteita sisältävien rehuseosten aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuuteen sioilla

Psychosocial aspects of cleft lip and palate. Implications for parental education

Lectio praecursoria

DFMA- Analysis and Aspects of Applying Internet Based Collaborative Design for Axial Eccentric Oil-Pump Design

The integrated system of design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) and internet based collaborative design are presented to support product design, manufacturing process, and assembly planning for axial eccentric oil-pump design. The presented system manages and schedules group oriented collaborative activities. The design guidelines of internet based collaborative design & DFMA are expressed. The components and the manufacturing stages of axial eccentric oil-pump are expressed in detail. The file formats of the presented system include the data types of collaborative design of the product, assembly design, assembly planning and assembly system design. Product design and assembly planning can be operated synchronously and intelligently and they are integrated under the condition of internet based collaborative design and DFMA. The technologies of collaborative modelling, collaborative manufacturing, and internet based collaborative assembly for the specific pump construction are developed. A seven-security level is presented to ensure the security of the internet based collaborative design system.

DFM(A)-Aspects of an Advanced Cable Gland Design

Nowadays typical motor junction boxes do not incorporate cable glands, which would provide good electrical performance interms of electromagnetic compatibility. In this paper, a manufacturability and assembly analysis for the new construction of a rigid body feeder cable junction of an electric motor is presented especially for converter drives (practical tests were carried out at LUT during 2007). Although the cable junction should also clamp the cable to provide enough tensile strength, the phase conductors should not get squashed by the groundingconnection. In order to ensure good performance in an electrical mean especially in converter drives, the grounding of the cable should be connected 360 degrees around the cable. In this paper, following manufacturing technologies are discussed: traditional turning, precision and centrifugal casting, and rotation moulding. DFM(A)-aspects are presented in detail.

Potential Acquisition Candidates for a Supplier of Wood Processing Machinery

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli sopivimman yritysostokohteen valitseminen useiden kilpailijoiden joukosta puunkäsittelykoneiden toimittajalle. Ensin esiteltiin Suomen metsäteollisuus sekä sen osaamistarpeista noussut metsäklusteri pääosin kohdeyrityksen näkökulmasta. Seuraavaksi annettiin kuva yrityksen tuotteista, kilpailijoista ja asiakkaista. Yritysostoprosessi kuvattiin sekä esille tuotiin yleiset motiivit ja kriittiset menestystekijät. Lisäksi kuvattiin kilpailijoiden ja liiketoimintaympäristön analysointi yrityksen menestyksen edellytyksenä. Puuntyöstökoneiden markkinat segmentoitiin ja analysoitiin vuodesta 1990 aina tähän päivään asti, jotta löydettäisiin kehityskelpoiset osa-alueet eli alueet, joissa yrityksen markkinaosuutta voitaisiin kasvattaa. Kandidaattien ominaisuuksia verrattiin yritysoston motiiveihin. Yritysten tuotteet sekä maantieteellinen sijainti pisteytettiin, jotta sopivimmat yritykset nousisivat esille. Kolme yritystä valittiin syvällisempään tarkasteluun. Yritysten tuotteita, taloudellista asemaa ja globaalia verkostoa vertailtiin keskenään muiden tekijöiden, kuten maailmantalouden ohessa. Taloudellisesti vakaa ja teknisesti monipuolinen yritys kohtasi yritysoston motiivit parhaiten. Kohteen positiivisia puolia olivat sijainti, tuotteet ja palvelut. Lisäksi, yritys sopii ostajan strategiaan sekä auttaa kohtaamaan asiakkaiden nykyiset ja tulevat tarpeet.

Technical Aspects of Internet-Shopping, Comparative study in Finland/Russia

Isot ja keskikokoiset yritykset harkitsevat sähköistä kaupankäyntiä Internetissä, Internet - kauppojen muodossa. Organisaatiot pyrkivät kilpailukykyiseen ja moderniin tyyliin kaupankäynnissä sekä yrityksen eri prosessien automatisointiin. Yrityksen on onnistuttava uusimpien tekniikoiden ja työkalujen omaksumisessa kilpailukykynsä parantamiseksi. Sähköinen kaupankäynti on suhteellisen uusi tekniikka, joka mahdollistaa kaupankäynnin esittämisen uudessa, sähköisessä muodossa. Tämä työ sisältää katsauksen yrityksen mahdollisiin sähköisen kaupankäynnin eri muotoihin. Työ sisältää mahdollisia ratkaisuja Internet-kaupan rakentamiseen, sähköisen kaupankäynnin hallintaan sekä erityyppisten Internet- kauppojen kuvauksia. Sähköisen kaupankäynnin ongelmat ovat myös tarkastelussa. Välttämättömät asiat sähköisen kaupankäynnin perustamiseksi on lueteltu. Työn kokeellinen osuus sisältää vertailututkimusta sähköisen kaupankäynnin muodoista Suomessa ja Venäjällä. Sähköisen kaupankäynnin ongelmat, niiden mahdolliset ratkaisut, eroavaisuudet sekä samankaltaisuudet molempien maiden välillä on esitetty tässä työssä. Työssä on arvioitu Internet-kaupan kehittämistä sekä edistämistä esimerkein. Tutkimuksen tulokset on esitetty.

Spatiotemporal Aspects of Environmental Monitoring in the Complex Coastal Region of Southwest Finland

The management and conservation of coastal waters in the Baltic is challenged by a number of complex environmental problems, including eutrophication and habitat degradation. Demands for a more holistic, integrated and adaptive framework of ecosystem-based management emphasize the importance of appropriate information on the status and changes of the aquatic ecosystems. The thesis focuses on the spatiotemporal aspects of environmental monitoring in the extensive and geomorphologically complex coastal region of SW Finland, where the acquisition of spatially and temporally representative monitoring data is inherently challenging. Furthermore, the region is subject to multiple human interests and uses. A holistic geographical approach is emphasized, as it is ultimately the physical conditions that set the frame for any human activity. Characteristics of the coastal environment were examined using water quality data from the database of the Finnish environmental administration and Landsat TM/ETM+ images. A basic feature of the complex aquatic environment in the Archipelago Sea is its high spatial and temporal variability; this foregrounds the importance of geographical information as a basis of environmental assessments. While evidence of a consistent water turbidity pattern was observed, the coastal hydrodynamic realm is also characterized by high spatial and temporal variability. It is therefore also crucial to consider the spatial and temporal representativeness of field monitoring data. Remote sensing may facilitate evaluation of hydrodynamic conditions in the coastal region and the spatial extrapolation of in situ data despite their restrictions. Additionally, remotely sensed images can be used in the mapping of many of those coastal habitats that need to be considered in environmental management. With regard to surface water monitoring, only a small fraction of the currently available data stored in the Hertta-PIVET register can be used effectively in scientific studies and environmental assessments. Long-term consistent data collection from established sampling stations should be emphasized but research-type seasonal assessments producing abundant data should also be encouraged. Thus a more comprehensive coordination of field work efforts is called for. The integration of remote sensing and various field measurement techniques would be especially useful in the complex coastal waters. The integration and development of monitoring system in Finnish coastal areas also requires further scientific assesement of monitoring practices. A holistic approach to the gathering and management of environmental monitoring data could be a cost-effective way of serving a multitude of information needs, and would fit the holistic, ecosystem-based management regimes that are currently being strongly promoted in Europe.

DFM/DFMA(A) – analysis and aspects of applying systematic engineering for a microwave testfixture design

In this paper, manufacturability analysis and collection of design aspects is made for a microwave test-fixture. Aspects of applying systematic design for a microwave test-fixture design and manufacturing are also analysed. Special questionnaires for the component and machining are made in order to enable necessary information to ensure DFM(A) – aspects of the component. The aspects of easy manufacturing for machining the microwave test-fixture are collected. Material selection is discussed and manufacturing stages of prototype manufacturing are presented.

The Influence of Certain Processing Factors on the Durability of Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Used As Dental Biomaterial

In dentistry, yttrium partially stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) has become one of the most attractive ceramic materials for prosthetic applications. The aim of this series of studies was to evaluate whether certain treatments used in the manufacturing process, such as sintering time, color shading or heat treatment of zirconia affect the material properties. Another aim was to evaluate the load-bearing capacity and marginal fit of manually copy-milled custom-made versus prefabricated commercially available zirconia implant abutments. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and surface microhardness were determined for green-stage milled and sintered yttrium partially stabilized zirconia after different sintering time, coloring process and heat treatments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for analyzing the possible changes in surface structure of zirconia material after reduced sintering time, coloring and heat treatments. Possible phase change from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The load-bearing capacity of different implant abutments was measured and the fit between abutment and implant replica was examined with SEM. The results of these studies showed that the shorter sintering time or the thermocycling did not affect the strength or surface microhardness of zirconia. Coloring of zirconia decreased strength compared to un-colored control zirconia, and some of the colored zirconia specimens also showed a decrease in surface microhardness. Coloring also affected the dimensions of zirconia. Significantly decreased shrinkage was found for colored zirconia specimens during sintering. Heat treatment of zirconia did not seem to affect materials’ mechanical properties but when a thin coating of wash and glaze porcelain was fired on the tensile side of the disc the flexural strength decreased significantly. Furthermore, it was found that thermocycling increased the monoclinic phase on the surface of the zirconia. Color shading or heat treatment did not seem to affect phase transformation but small monoclinic peaks were detected on the surface of the heat treated specimens with a thin coating of wash and glaze porcelain on the opposite side. Custom-made zirconia abutments showed comparable load-bearing capacity to the prefabricated commercially available zirconia abutments. However, the fit of the custom-made abutments was less satisfactory than that of the commercially available abutments. These studies suggest that zirconia is a durable material and other treatments than color shading used in the manufacturing process of zirconia bulk material does not affect the material’s strength. The decrease in strength and dimensional changes after color shading needs to be taken into account when fabricating zirconia substructures for fixed dental prostheses. Manually copy-milled custom-made abutments have acceptable load-bearing capacity but the marginal accuracy has to be evaluated carefully.