Perinnän problematiikka ja perintään vaikuttavat tekijät

Tutkielma sai alkukipinän perinnän saamasta mediahuomiosta, tutkijan kiinnostuksesta aihetta kohtaan sekä tutkijan omasta työkokemuksesta perinnästä. Tutkielma rakentui perinnän käsitteen ympärille ja sen tavoitteena oli tutkia perintään vaikuttavia yrityksen sisäisiä ja ulkoisia tekijöitä. Tutkielman päätutkimusongelmassa tarkasteltiin perinnän problematiikan vaikutuksia perintään. Keskeisimpinä perinnän ongelmina tutkija piti vääriä reklamaatioita, myynnin ja perinnän huonoa yhteistyötä, väärinkäsityksiä ja virheitä, perinnän negatiivista mainetta sekä perintärutiinien aiheuttamia haittoja. Päätutkimusongelmaa tutkittaessa havaittiin, että pääsääntöisesti perinnän ongelmat aiheuttavat perinnän tehottomuutta ja vaikuttavat negatiivisesti yrityksen jokapäiväiseen toimintaan. Lisäksi havaittiin, että ongelmia esiintyy perintäprosessin jokaisessa vaiheessa ja, että ongelmat voivat kohdistua joko velkojaan, velalliseen tai itse perintäprosessiin. Alaongelmina tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin muita perintään vaikuttavia tekijöitä, kuten perinnän organisointia, myyntireskontraa sekä kansainvälisenä näkökulmana perintää Baltian alueella.

Postmodernism and its problems with science

Lecture given in Helsinki at the invitation of the Finnish Mathematical Society.

The effect of regular collection of Drosera rotundifolia in natural peatlands in Finland: plant density, yield and regeneration

Tiivistelmä

Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD analysis in a germplasm collection of sea buckthorn

Selostus: Tyrnin geneettisen monimuotoisuuden arviointi RAPD analyysillä

A new heuristic method for solving spatially constrained forest planning problems based on mitigation of infeasibilities radiating outward from a forced choice

[Abstract]

Particle transport method for convection-diffusion-reaction problems

Convective transport, both pure and combined with diffusion and reaction, can be observed in a wide range of physical and industrial applications, such as heat and mass transfer, crystal growth or biomechanics. The numerical approximation of this class of problemscan present substantial difficulties clue to regions of high gradients (steep fronts) of the solution, where generation of spurious oscillations or smearing should be precluded. This work is devoted to the development of an efficient numerical technique to deal with pure linear convection and convection-dominated problems in the frame-work of convection-diffusion-reaction systems. The particle transport method, developed in this study, is based on using rneshless numerical particles which carry out the solution along the characteristics defining the convective transport. The resolution of steep fronts of the solution is controlled by a special spacial adaptivity procedure. The serni-Lagrangian particle transport method uses an Eulerian fixed grid to represent the solution. In the case of convection-diffusion-reaction problems, the method is combined with diffusion and reaction solvers within an operator splitting approach. To transfer the solution from the particle set onto the grid, a fast monotone projection technique is designed. Our numerical results confirm that the method has a spacial accuracy of the second order and can be faster than typical grid-based methods of the same order; for pure linear convection problems the method demonstrates optimal linear complexity. The method works on structured and unstructured meshes, demonstrating a high-resolution property in the regions of steep fronts of the solution. Moreover, the particle transport method can be successfully used for the numerical simulation of the real-life problems in, for example, chemical engineering.

The use of branched ketenedimers in solving the deposit problems related to the internal sizing of uncoated fine paper

Alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) are effective and highly hydrophobic sizing agents for the internal sizing of alkaline papers, but in some cases they may form deposits on paper machines and copiers. In addition, alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA)- based sizing agents are highly reactive, producing on-machine sizing, but under uncontrolled wet end conditions the hydrolysis of ASA may cause problems. This thesis aims at developing an improved ketene dimer based sizing agent that would have a lower deposit formation tendency on paper machines and copiers than a traditional type of AKD. The aim is also to improve the ink jet printability of a AKD sized paper. The sizing characteristics ofketene dimers have been compared to those of ASA. A lower tendency of ketene dimer deposit formation was shown in paper machine trials and in printability tests when branched fatty acids were used in the manufacture of a ketene dimer basedsizing agent. Fitting the melting and solidification temperature of a ketene dimer size to the process temperature of a paper machine or a copier contributes to machine cleanliness. A lower hydrophobicity of the paper sized with branched ketene dimer compared to the paper sized with traditional AKD was discovered. However, the ink jet print quality could be improved by the use of a branched ketene dimer. The branched ketene dimer helps in balancing the paper hydrophobicity for both black and color printing. The use of a high amount of protective colloidin the emulsification was considered to be useful for the sizing performance ofthe liquid type of sizing agents. Similar findings were indicated for both the branched ketene dimer and ASA.