La subjectivité des journalistes perçue à travers l’usage du discours rapporté. Analyse des articles sur la crise des réfugiés 2015

Ce travail traite des articles sur la crise des réfugiés parus dans le journal Le Monde pendant la première semaine de septembre, 2015. L’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser quelles sont les fonctions des citations que les journalistes emploient; et comment les points de vue des journalistes s’expriment à travers l’emploi que les journalistes font du discours rapporté Notre but est donc étudier, s’il est possible d’identifier des traces de subjectivité dans les articles. Pour nous guider dans la recherche des réponses, nous avons analysé les formes du discours rapporté employées dans les articles, ainsi que les verbes et les expressions introducteurs des citations. Le thème de la crise des réfugiés est toujours actuel dans les médias et il continue suscitant beaucoup d’émotions. Pour cette raison, nous pensons que les journalistes n’ont pas pu s’empêcher de révéler ses opinion et points de vu en écrivant sur le thème. Nous avons basé notre étude au cadre théorique de l’analyse du discours, plus précisément, l’étude fait partie de la théorie de l’énonciation et de l’analyse critique du discours. Notre travail est une étude qualitative faite à l’aide de l’analyse du contenu. Nous avons construit une typologie des fonctions des citations et nous avons observé que la fonction la plus fréquente est la fonction de l’authenticité. Les journalistes tentent de légitimer les faits donnés dans les articles à travers l’usage des citations. En outre, nous avons remarqué que les journalistes du quotidien Le Monde ont gardé assez bien leur objectivité, bien qu’il est possible de distinguer des traces de points de vu de journalistes, particulièrement à travers les verbes et les expressions introducteurs du discours rapporté.

Political ideologies and attitudes towards income inequality in the US: a critical discourse analysis of CNN and Fox News opinion articles

The topic of the thesis is media discourse about current state if income inequality in the US, and political ideologies as influences behind the discourse. The data consists of four opinion articles, two from CNN and two from Fox News. The purpose of the study was to examine how media represents income inequality as an issue, and if the attitudes conveyed are concerned or indifferent. Previous studies have indicated that the level of income is often seen as a personal responsibility, and such perspective can be linked with Republican ideology. In contrast, the Democrats typically express more concern about the consequences of inequality. CNN has been previously considered to have a Democratic bias, and Fox News has been considered to have Republican bias, which is one reason why these two news channels were chosen as the sources of the data. The study is a critical discourse analysis, and the methods applied were sociocognitive approach, which analyzes the social and cognitive factors affecting the discourse, and appraisal framework, which was applied to scrutinize the expressed attitudes more closely by identifyind specific linguistic features. The appraisal framework includes studying such features as affect, judgment and appreciation, which offer a more detailed analysis on the attitudes present in the articles. The sociocognitive approach, additionally, offers a way of analyzing a more broad context affecting the articles. The findings were then compared, to see if there are differences between the articles, or between the news sites with alleged bias. The findings showed that CNN, with alleged Democratic bias, had a more symphatetic attitude towards income inequality, whereas Fox News, with more Republican views, showed clearly less concern towards the issue. Moreover, the Fox News articles had such dubious claims that the underlying ideology behind the articles could be even supporting of income inequality, as it allows the rich to pursue all the wealth they can without having to give anything away. The results, thus, suggest that the political ideologies may a significant effect on media discourse, which, in turn, may have a significant effect on the attitudes of the public towards great issues that could require prompt measures.