Effects of feed processing on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing wheat bran or wheat middlings

Selostus: Prosessoinnin vaikutus vehnän sivutuotteita sisältävien rehuseosten aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuuteen sioilla

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in wet wheat protein and soya bean meal for growing pigs

Selostus: Kuivaamattoman vehnäproteiinin ja soijarouheen aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuus sioilla

Universally primed polymerase chain reaction analysis of Fusarium avenaceum isolated from wheat and barley in Finland

Selostus: Vehnästä ja ohrasta eristettyjen F. avenaceum -punahomekantojen analysointi UP-PCR-menetelmällä

First report of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens as a pest of wheat in Finland

Selostus: Diuraphis frequens -kirva vehnässä

Effects of expanding on the nutritive value of wheat bran in pig diets

Selostus: Ekspanderkäsittelyn vaikutus vehnänleseen rehuarvoon lihasian ruokinnassa

Photosynthesis and Rubisco kinetics in spring wheat and meadow fescue under conditions of simulated climate change with elevated CO[sub 2] and increased temperatures

Selostus: Kevätvehnän ja nurminadan fotosynteesi ja Rubisco-kinetiikka simuloidun ilmastonmuutoksen eli kohotetun hiilidioksidipitoisuuden ja kohotetun lämpötilan oloissa

Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films

Selostus: Syötävien gluteenikalvojen valmistus, ominaisuudt ja eräät käyttösovellukset

Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO‚́‚ and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model

Selostus: Kohotettujen CO‚́‚:n ja lämpötilan vaikutukset kevätvehnän fenologiseen kehitykseen ja sadontuottomahdollisuuksiin

Non-wood massojen vedenpoiston arvioiminen märkäpuristuksessa

Yksivuotisten kasvien (non-wood) kuitua verrataan usein lehtipuukuituihin. Käytetyimpiä non-wood kasveja ovat vehnän olki, bambu, järviruoko ja bagassi. Non-wood massan erottaa puumassasta kuitenkin korkea silikaattipitoisuus sekä parenkyymisolupitoisuus, joka antaa massalle korkean hienoainepitoisuuden. Tämä yhdessä korkean hemiselluloosapitoisuuden ja lyhyen kuidun pituuden kanssa heikentävät voimakkaasti non-wood massan vedenpoisto-ominaisuuksia. Non-wood kuidulla voidaan korvata lehtipuumassaa hienopapereissa. Non-wood kuitu antaa paperille hyvän opasiteetin, korkean valonsirontakertoimen sekä sileän painopinnan. Massaan lisättävä pitkäkuituinen havupuumassa parantaa ajetta¬vuutta paperikoneella ja helpottaa massan vedenpoistoa. Non-wood massan vedenpoistoa voidaan tehostaa esimerkiksi poistamalla osa hienoaineesta, käyttämällä non-wood massalle sopivaa keittotapaa sekä käyttämällä märkä¬puristuksessa pitkänippityyppistä puristinratkaisua. Myös non-wood kuidun kuivaaminen parantaa vedenpoistoa. Tässä tutkimuksessa kirjallisuusosassa keskityttiin yleisimpiin paperin valmistuksessa käytettäviin non-wood kuidun lähteisiin, märkäpuristuksen teoriaan ja tapoihin tehostaa vedenpoistoa. Kokeellisessa osassa tutkittiin vehnänolkimassan käyttäytymistä märkäpuristuksessa erilaisten ominaisuuksien pohjalta. Tutkimuksen kohteena oli non-wood massan keittotapa (hapan/alkali), hienoainepitoisuus, silikaattipitoisuus sekä kuivattu/kuivaamaton kuitu. Vertailun vuoksi tutkimuksessa oli mukana myös yksi järviruokomassa. Tuloksista huomataan, että non-wood massan vedenpoistoon vaikuttaa hienoainepitoisuus, kuidun kuivaus sekä massan valmistustapa. Järviruokomassan veden¬poisto on tehokkaampaa kuin vehnänolkimassan paremman kuitu¬koostumuksensa takia. Jos hienopaperimassassa korvataan lehtipuumassaa non-wood kuidulla maksimissaan 40 %, massan vedenpoistoa voidaan hyvin arvioida erilaisten suotautuvuusmittojen, kuten freeneksen, vedenpidätyskyvyn ja suotautumisajan, avulla.

Counter-current Washing of Filter Cakes

The main objective of this thesis was to compare the efficiency of counter-current and co-current filter cake washing techniques. Filter cake washing is a common unit operation which is used in the chemical process industry for improving the recovery of the liquid phase or for purifying the solid phase of the filter cake. Counter-current displacement washing is more difficult to arrange and it requires additional process equipment but the advantage of counter-current method is that the consumption of wash water that is required for achieving certain filter cake purity may be considerably decreased when compared to the co-current washing method. This is true especially for materials that are difficult to wash. The literature part of this thesis consists of a review of filter cake washing in general, including the basic principles of co-current and counter-current techniques, and a description of the structure and operation of a horizontal vacuum belt filter, which is the equipment considered in the experimental part of this thesis. Also the most common cake washing models are introduced. The experiments were performed by washing wheat apatite filter cakes in a laboratory scale vacuum filter by using both co-current and counter-current washing methods. The main results of these tests were the washing curves that relate the purity of the filter cake to the amount of wash liquid used. Comparison between the obtained washing curves showed that both washing methods could be efficiently applied for achieving good washing results. The differences between the wash liquid consumptions in the co-current and counter-current washing methods were found to be surprisingly small but this is most probably explained by the relatively good washing characteristics of the apatite cakes. The washing models introduced in the literature part were compared with the results obtained from the experiments and it was found out that the studied cake washing processes could be described

Characterizing Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 as a new probiotic combination: basic properties of JS and pilot in vivo assessment of the combination

Characterizing Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 as a new probiotic combination: basic properties of JS and pilot in vivo assessment of the combination Each candidate probiotic strain has to have the documentation for the proper identification with current molecular tools, for the biological properties, for the safety aspects and for the health benefits in human trials if the intention is to apply the strain as health promoting culture in the commercial applications. No generalization based on species properties of an existing probiotic are valid for any novel strain, as strain specific differences appear e.g. in the resistance to GI tract conditions and in health promoting benefits (Madsen, 2006). The strain evaluation based on individual strain specific probiotic characteristics is therefore the first key action for the selection of the new probiotic candidate. The ultimate goal in the selection of the probiotic strain is to provide adequate amounts of active, living cells for the application and to guarantee that the cells are physiologically strong enough to survive and be biologically active in the adverse environmental conditions in the product and in GI tract of the host. The in vivo intervention studies are expensive and time consuming; therefore it is not rational to test all the possible candidates in vivo. Thus, the proper in vitro studies are helping to eliminate strains which are unlikely to perform well in vivo. The aims of this study were to characterize the strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705, both used for decades as cheese starter cultures, for their technological and possible probiotic functionality applied in a combined culture. The in vitro studies of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS focused on the monitoring of the viability rates during the acid and bile treatments and on the safety aspects such as antibiotic susceptibility and adhesion. The studies with the combination of the strains JS and LC705 administered in fruit juices monitored the survival of the strains JS and LC705 during the GI transit and their effect on gut wellbeing properties measured as relief of constipation. In addition, safety parameters such as side effects and some peripheral immune parameters were assessed. Separately, the combination of P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 was evaluated from the technological point of view as a bioprotective culture in fermented foods and wheat bread applications. In this study, the role ofP. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS as a candidate probiotic culture alone and in a combination with L. rhamnosus LC705 was demonstrated. Both strains were transiently recovered in high numbers in fecal samples of healthy adults during the consumption period. The good survival through the GI transit was proven for both strains with a recovery rate from 70 to 80% for the JS strain and from 40 to 60% for the LC705 strain from the daily dose of 10 log10 CFU. The good survival was shown from the consumption of fruit juices which do not provide similar matrix protection for the cells as milk based products. The strain JS did not pose

Utilization of retention chemicals in non-wood containing furnishes

The usage of the non-wood pulps in furnishes for various paper grades is the real alternative for substitution of wood fibres in the papermaking. This is especially important now, when the prices for wood are increasing and forest resources are depleting in many regions of our planet. However, there are several problems associated with utilization of such pulps. In terms of the papermaking process one of the main problems is the poor dewatering of the non-wood pulps. This problem can be partially solved by means of retention aids. In the literature part were described technological features of the non-wood pulps as the raw materials for paper production. Moreover, overviews of the retention chemicals and methods for retention measurement were done; special attention was paid to the mechanisms of retention and drainage. Finally, factors affecting on the drainage and retention of non-wood pulps were considered holistically. Particular emphasis was put on the possibility of enzyme treatment for drainage improvement. It was stated that retention aids can significantly improve dewatering of non-wood pulps. In the experimental part the goal was to investigate influence of various microparticle retention aids on the drainage, retention and formation of furnish containing wheat straw pulp, obtained by novel pulping process (Formico™Fib). The parallel test were performed with reference furnish containing only wood pulps. It was found that Bentonite-CPAM retention aid can significantly improve drainage and retention; however formation seems be suffer from such additives. It was stated that performance of the Silica-Starch retention aid significantly depends on the starch dosing sequence and wet-end conditions; this system have shown better formation than other tested retention aids. Silica-CPAM retention aid have provided comparable results in retention and drainage with Bentonite-CPAM, while Silica-starch did not improve dewatering and yielded in lowest filler retention among other aids. Ultimately, optimal dosages for the tested retention chemicals have been suggested.

Utilization of non-wood pulp in different fibers products

The correct utilization of non-wood raw material allows reducing tree cutting and reduces emissions of carbon dioxide from burning of non-wood plants on farmers fields. Also it allows increasing economical situation in regions that non-wood plants are grown and where they are converted into pulp and paper. Also it gives positive effect on population pressure of work by addition of working place. In the literature survey included an overview of the historical meaning of non-wood pulp on developing paper production and structure of non-wood pulps. Moreover, anatomical and chemical composition of straw, reed and bamboo were studied more detailed. Also, an overview of the utilization of non-wood pulp in papermaking was made. Especially tissue, tree-free and release papers were reviewed. In the experimental part the goal was to investigate suitability of non-wood pulp like wheat straw pulp and bamboo pulp for different fiber products. Finally release and tree-free paper products were selected for experimental studies. It was discovered that wheat straw, especially screened wheat straw, showed good results for release paper. Also utilization of wheat straw and bamboo pulp in tree-free paper showed good results and suitability of these non-wood pulps for tree-free paper production. Also it was noticed that addition of wheat straw pulp gave positive effect on initial wet strength for release and tree-free paper.