220 resultados para Tyst Kunskap

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till en handlingsinriktad diskurs. Ambitionen är att rikta uppmärksamheten mot den pedagogiska övervägande handlingen genom att pröva konkreta exempel från en pedagogisk praktik mot en begreppsapparat inspirerad av den humanvetenskapliga handlingsteorin. Forskningsfrågorna lyder: Vad är en övervägande handling? Hur byggs den upp och vad förutsätter den? Bakgrunden till intresset att belysa den övervägande handlingen är en önskan att överbrygga klyftan mellan teori och praktik och att hitta ett sätt att samtala om ”tyst kunskap” och den konkreta pedagogiska verkligheten så att denna kan utvecklas på ett meningsfullt sätt. Förhållandet mellan intentionalitet och instrumentella handlingar är av särskilt intresse. Den aristoteliska begreppsapparaten som avser att belysa den mänskliga handlingen används i studien som både utgångspunkt och analysredskap. Retoriken ses som den vetenskap som kan beskriva och förklara hur vi skapar mening med hjälp av språket. Fyra fokussamtal med sammanlagt fem studerande på musikanimatörutbildningen genomfördes under vårterminen 2006. Referaten från samtalen bearbetades till en berättelse. I konstruktionen av berättelsen användes dels en fenomenologisk analys, dels narrativ bearbetning. De aristoteliska begreppen poíesis, praxis och theoria tillämpades och prövades på berättelsen varefter en retorisk analys genomfördes. Berättelsen visar två konkurrerande praxis. Utbildningen framstår i berättelsen dels som en horisontell ”alla kan”-utbildning, dels som en vertikal och lärarstyrd verksamhet. Berättelsen ger inte så många exempel på pedagogiska överväganden men tydliggör ändå den övervägande handlingen. Det pedagogiska övervägandet innebär ett väljande utifrån teoretiskt tänkbara och med praxis förenliga handlingsalternativ. Reflektion ingår i övervägandet men är inte detsamma som övervägande. Övervägandet är inte enbart en rationellt kalkylerande aktivitet. Holistiska och intuitiva procedurer är en viktig del i processen. Övervägande förutsätter dessutom ansvar.

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Summary: Mythical descriptions at work : an analysis of discussions within a development project

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Tässä tutkimuksessa esittelen kassamyyjän työtä tämän päivän päivittäistavarakaupassa. Tämä kuuluu kaupunkikansatieteellisen tutkimuksen ja erityisesti työpaikkatutkimukseen. Tutkimusote on luonteeltaan empiirinen, refleksiivinen ja kulttuurianalyyttinen. Pääasiallisena lähteenä olen käyttänyt tekemiäni haastatteluja sekä omaa kokemustani kaupan kassan työstä. Osalla haastateltavistani on kymmeniä vuosia kestänyt kokemus kaupantyöstä ja joku on ollut kaupassa töissä vain muutaman vuoden. Ajallista perspektiiviä tämän päivän myyjän työhön saan myös historioitsija Marjaliisa Hentilän väitöskirjatutkimuksesta, joka kertoo myyjän työn kehittymisestä vuosisatojen kuluessa aina automarkettien yleistymiseen saakka. Määriteltyäni ensin myyjä -käsitteen ja esiteltyäni tutkimusmateriaaliani, esittelen kolmannessa luvussa kulttuurianalyysi -menetelmän, jota käytän tutkimuksessani. Kulttuurianalyysin esittelivät ruotsalaiset kansatieteilijät B. Ehn ja O. Löfgren. Käytän heidän vuonna 1982 esittelemäänsä teemaluetteloa tutkimuksessani. Kulttuurianalyysin teemojen avulla tutkija pystyy etäännyttämään itseään tutkimuskohteestaan. Tutkimuksessani löytyy näistä teemoista kahdeksan. Esittelen teemoja, ja pohdin niiden välityksellä kaupan kassamyyjän työn työkulttuuria. Aloitan analyysini paikan kuvailulla ja etenen kassamyyjän työn sisällön kuvailemisen päätyen myyjän vaatetuksen kuvailemiseen. Teemat joita käytän, ovat aikaan, paikkaan ja sosiaaliseen kontekstiin liittyviä. Aika- ja paikka -teemat ovat työpisteen kuvailemista ja työajan ja vapaa-ajan pohtimista myyjän työn kannalta. Sosiaaliseen kanssakäymiseen kuuluvat käsitykset moraalista, yksilön ja ryhmän eroja maskuliinisuutta tai tässä enemmänkin feminiinisyyttä. Se kuka käyttää valtaa ja kuinka hierarkia näkyy ja toimii kassalla kuuluvat myyjän työn sosiaaliseen kontekstiin. Lopuksi tutkielmassani pohdin sitä, mitä olen saanut haastattelujani analysoimalla selvitettyä kassamyyjän työstä: myyjän työ on muuttunut paljon monen haastateltavani työuran aikana. Tulevaisuudessa on yhä vähemmän kaupan kassoja. Se johtuu jo siitä että kaupassa koulutetaan monitaitoisia kaupan työntekijöitä.

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The aim of this thesis is to gain new understanding of health based on the work Penseés (Thoughts) by Blaise Pascal. The research interest originates from the motive of the heart for the greatness of man in conjunction with his baseness. The study is hermeneutic and the purpose is to describe health formulated as new abductive theses based on the assumption that caring science and caring theology can be conjoined in the same ontology. The work Penseés is, in Gadamer’s sense, alive since the text is constantly being made use of and is in this occurence interpreted through the requirements made by caring science. Pascal’s arguments continue through the historically effected consciousness while the interpretation is confronted with the ontological model of health. In the initial horizon we find the understanding of the motion of health and the extension towards text materials which is undertaken by Pascal’s Penseés. to open up the perspective and be able to project the horizon of the text. In the encounter with the text, the core content will first be discussed in an interpretative part after which the understanding gained will be summarized into new abductive assumptions. On the basis of Gadamer’s emphasis on the applications of the interpretations, the merging of the horizons will identify health as something desired by man, what he is and what he wants to accomplish. The creation of health is the reason of the heart, and on the basis of what man wants to confide in, the rise of health will be established. The totality of greatness and baseness of man is achieved by the accomplishment of health. That man owns spiritual devotedness means health whereas unhealthy means that he is insecure of his character and leads a life with ill-considered amusements. When according to Pascal, man’s desires and thoughts are joined in the heart, a connecting relation will arise. Hence the spiritual edification that man will fail to secure if he puts too much of his confidence in transient reason is included, something that is insufficient when it comes to understand the meaning of health.

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The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about learning in and through art related to pupils’ study processes developing clown characters in secondary school. The pre understanding of this qualitative piece of micro ethnographic research is that the elaboration of clown has openness to play, creative activity and imagination. The art form clown inspires and motivates. The clown character creates a kind and friendly atmosphere, calls upon smile, which promotes learning. It is an art form promoting deep and personal reflection and evoking questions regarding identity formation. The pre understanding finally is that existential themes are brought to articulation in the art form clown. The problem formulation for the hermeneutic phenomenological study is an exploration of the meaning potential of an arts educational work with clown from the pupils’ as well as the teacher’s perspective. The study elaborates the following research questions: 1.) How are the pupils staging themselves in the work with clown? a) How are they constructing the clown character? b) How do they reflect upon their construction? c) What are the characteristics of the working process in the elaboration of clown? 2.) What is characteristic of the teacher’s contribution to the arts educational work? 3.) What is characteristic of the meaning making in the elaboration of clown? One group of 21 pupils and their drama teacher in a Swedish secondary school in six workshops (each one 90 minutes) elaborating the clown theme is the group under study through video observation, interviews, students’ logs and drawings, teacher log and researcher’s field notes. The theoretical framework comprises three perspectives on clown: a perspective on the culture of carnival, a drama education perspective and a performance perspective. Through a content analysis of texts about clown a set of characteristics for the clown is used as analytical concepts in the subsequent analysis of the pupils’ working process when they create three clown characters: August, the white clown and the bag lady. The results are presented as fictive narratives built on the video observations and the interviews. The presentation is brought to even more condensation through poetic ethnographic writing of haiku poems by the researcher. This ethnographic writing is idiomatic to the art form under study, and can be seen as a metaphorical meta commentary to the narratives. As a main result the researcher has developed a model describing the different aspects of the clown characters and the meaning potential of the clown as learning regarding exploration of identity and elaboration of existential questions regarding life, loneliness, love, religion and death.

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The aim of this study is to form the experience-based knowledge of diabetics. The broader intent is to be able to transform this experience-based knowledge as an asset within caring. In this study, a theoretical contact for the empirical data is presented through phronesis, i.e. practical wisdom. Phronesis can be seen as the most suitable form of knowledge to be able to deepen the individual's understanding of experiencebased knowledge. For this research, hermeneutic phenomenology was chosen. Abductive reasoning was the method chosen to approach the data collected through repeated deep interviews with individuals with personal experience of diabetes and the use of insulin pumps. The abductive approach fascilitates a broader interpretation of the primary empirical results via a theory of philosophy of science, such as phronesis, the life-world and the negativity of the experience. The latent message of the empirical data is thereby also additionally highlighted. The synthesis reveals that experience-based knowledge arrives with time, it is personified and praxis-oriented, and before this time, the knowledge and security must be provided by the established care, by people close to the individual or by other external sources. The experience-based knowledge has strenghts and weaknesses. The knowledge is further categorized by the individual's ability to discern and make judgement. Additionally, the experience-based kowledge is a reflecting and action-based knowledge striving to improve the care provided. The experience-based knowledge held by the individual is potentially a great instrument towards improving general knowledge with possible practical applications within the diabetic care. Furthermost, in practical suggestions to fascilitate care. In generally applying knowledge gathered from the individual's experiental point of view, there are inherent risks. These risks could potentially be eliminated through the adoption of a concept where the established care could function as a quality guarantor. A concept taking into account the experiencebased knowledge as a source of information and knowledge in the care for diabetics. Co-created knowledge and understanding is a position found in both self-care and pump-treatment. It is also found through the optimal application of the experience-based knowledge of the individual as well as the knowledge found within the established care, in order to fascilitate well-being. This as expressed by the individual's phronesis-based knowledge.