Transparent and secure remote network storage system using an untrusted server

Työssä kehitettin läpinäkyvä Internet Small Computer Systems Interface-verkkolevyä (iSCSI) käyttävä varmistusjärjestelmä. Verkkolevyn sisältö suojattiin asiakaspään salauskerroksella (dm-crypt). Järjestely mahdollisti sen, että verkkolevylle tallennetut varmuuskopiot pysyivät luottamuksellisina, vaikka levypalvelinta tarjoava taho oli joko epäluotettava tai suorastaan vihamielinen. Järjestelmän hyötykäyttöä varten kehitettiin helppokäyttöinen prototyyppisovellus. Järjestelmän riskit ja haavoittuvuudet käytiin läpi ja analysoitiin. Järjestelmälle tehtiin myös karkea kryptoanalyysi sen teknistenominaisuuksien pohjalta. Suorituskykymittaukset tehtiin sekä salatulle että salaamattomalle iSCSI-liikenteelle. Näistä todettiin, että salauksen vaikutus suorituskykyyn oli häviävän pieni jopa 100 megabittiä sekunnissa siirtävillä verkkonopeuksilla. Lisäksi pohdittiin teknologian muita sovelluskohteita ja tulevia tutkimusalueita.

Kuvakulmasta kokemuskulmaan : pohdintoja subjektiviteetista elokuvakerronnassa

Opinnäytetyöni on monimuototyö, joka koostuu kirjallisesta osasta ja teososasta. Kirjallisessa osuudessa tavoitteenani on pohtia subjektiviteetin käsitettä elokuvakerronnassa sekä niitä keinoja ja prosesseja, joilla elokuvan hahmon tunteet siirtyvät katsojan kokemiksi. Tällöin katsojan samastuminen elokuvan hahmoon tai kertojaan - subjektiin - on ensiarvoisen tärkeää ja koen tämän olevan juuri elokuvantekijän keskeinen tavoite. Kuten työni pääotsikko vihjaa, subjektiviteetti elokuvakerronnassa on hyvin laaja käsite, joka voi rakentua monista elementeistä aina puhtaasti teknisistä kuvakulmista monimutkaisempiin kerronnallisiin rakenteisiin. Pyrin selvittämään työssäni tätä rakentumisen prosessia. Kirjallisen osuuden tyylissä olen pyrkinyt pitämään kiinni pohtivasta sävystä ja välttämään tieteellisiä toteamuksia. Kuten työni aihe, on myös lähdemateriaalini melko häilyvää - ehdottomia totuuksia ei juuri ole. On vain erilaisia tulkintoja, jotka puolestaan herättävät loputtomasti lisäkysymyksiä. Käytän lähteinäni kirjallisuutta, jonkin verran verkkomateriaalia sekä esimerkkielokuvia. Teososani on 20-minuuttinen fiktiivinen lyhytelokuva, jonka voi luokitella tyyliltään kokeilevaksi runolliseksi elokuvaksi. Kokeellisuus toteutuu elokuvan kuvakerronnassa, joka perustuu lähes yksinomaan näkökulmakuvien käyttöön. Runollisuuteen puolestaan pyritään elokuvan voimakkaalla visuaalisella tyylillä. Kirjallisessa osuudessa käyn läpi teososaa kertoen ideoista elokuvan taustalla sekä reflektoiden toteutunutta teosta käsikirjoittaja-ohjaajan näkökulmasta. Kirjallisen osan liitteinä on kohtausluettelo sekä hyvin aikaisessa teososan tuotannonsuunnitteluvaiheessa tehtyjä tunnelmapiirroksia, jotka kuvastavat teososan runollista tyyliä. Lisäksi liitteenä on teknisten näkökulmakuvien suunniteltua käyttöä varten laaditusta kuvakäsikirjoituksesta ”karnevaalikohtaus”, jota käsitellään myös kirjallisen osan luvussa 6.1.

Images of imagination : an aesthetic approach to education

Visual art practice has generally been described as a lonely affair, thinking about what an artist has experienced in the outside world. This study is an inquiry into a visual art practice of another kind: the relational one. The research purpose is twofold. The first purpose is to shed light on a visual artist’s conceptions of art, education and scholarship. The second purpose is to by reasoning on imagination and a rhizomatic formation interpret the relations created between art, multimodality and literacy learning as an aesthetic approach to education. By inquiry into a specific collaborated long-term art practice, the study conveys how the meaning making elements of an arts based learning practice gradually transform an artist’s and a teacher’s concepts of art education to an aesthetic approach to education. In the art practice examined the typical Finnish rye bread and a poem have represented a cultural theme that has been elaborated through art conventions. The poem and the rye bread have in the art practice been articulated as cultural representations of as well as symbolic projections on the Swedishspeaking minority culture in Finland. The study connects art informed inquiry to a hermeneutic research rationale where the research reasoning is generated through a rhizomatic alliance between empiric data and theories. The reasoning is constructed as an interpretation pattern that expands throughout the study. The study arguments that the rhizome as an aesthetic formation can be appropriate to refer to when articulating arts based meaning making and when creating arts based educational strategies, dialogues, aesthetic learning and multimodal literacy in education. The study investigates an aesthetic approach to research in education, which means that the art practice surveyed is interpreted through articulation appropriate to poetic aspects of art, education and research.

Das Landgut Monrepos in Finnland. 1804

Author: Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay.

Karneval i klassrum – kunskap på hjul : en studie av elevers möten med clown analyserade med narrativ metod och poetisk etnografi

The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about learning in and through art related to pupils’ study processes developing clown characters in secondary school. The pre understanding of this qualitative piece of micro ethnographic research is that the elaboration of clown has openness to play, creative activity and imagination. The art form clown inspires and motivates. The clown character creates a kind and friendly atmosphere, calls upon smile, which promotes learning. It is an art form promoting deep and personal reflection and evoking questions regarding identity formation. The pre understanding finally is that existential themes are brought to articulation in the art form clown. The problem formulation for the hermeneutic phenomenological study is an exploration of the meaning potential of an arts educational work with clown from the pupils’ as well as the teacher’s perspective. The study elaborates the following research questions: 1.) How are the pupils staging themselves in the work with clown? a) How are they constructing the clown character? b) How do they reflect upon their construction? c) What are the characteristics of the working process in the elaboration of clown? 2.) What is characteristic of the teacher’s contribution to the arts educational work? 3.) What is characteristic of the meaning making in the elaboration of clown? One group of 21 pupils and their drama teacher in a Swedish secondary school in six workshops (each one 90 minutes) elaborating the clown theme is the group under study through video observation, interviews, students’ logs and drawings, teacher log and researcher’s field notes. The theoretical framework comprises three perspectives on clown: a perspective on the culture of carnival, a drama education perspective and a performance perspective. Through a content analysis of texts about clown a set of characteristics for the clown is used as analytical concepts in the subsequent analysis of the pupils’ working process when they create three clown characters: August, the white clown and the bag lady. The results are presented as fictive narratives built on the video observations and the interviews. The presentation is brought to even more condensation through poetic ethnographic writing of haiku poems by the researcher. This ethnographic writing is idiomatic to the art form under study, and can be seen as a metaphorical meta commentary to the narratives. As a main result the researcher has developed a model describing the different aspects of the clown characters and the meaning potential of the clown as learning regarding exploration of identity and elaboration of existential questions regarding life, loneliness, love, religion and death.

Collective Memory Embodied in Poetry as Poison. The Mnemonic Role of Romantic Poets Discussed on the Basis of Adam Mickiewicz’ Konrad Wallenrod and Forefathers (Part III)

This thesis constitutes an interdisciplinary approach to the Polish Romanticism combining literature studies with memory studies, nationalism research and psychoanalysis. This phenomenon-based study attempts to answer the question, how the Polish national poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) – or more exactly the implied authors in his works – perceived the role of poetry in mnemonic terms and how it changes in course of time. Consequently, ‘memory in literature’ (Astrin Erll and Ansger Nünning) is discussed here. Two pieces of writing by Mickiewicz – Konrad Wallenrod [1828] and the third part of Forefathers [1832], where a bard respectively a poetic genius appears – are seen as meta-texts defining goals of poets in time of the political non-existence of a state. Poetry is supposed to keep memory of the glorious past alive, kindle the love for the motherland, support the collective identity of a group and initiate a liberation movement. Poets function as memory guards, leaders of the nation and prophets. Thus, literature is a medium of collective memory – it stores crucial contents, transmits them and acts as a cue. Nevertheless, shifting the focus from the community towards well-being of individuals, which is consistent with the postmodern thinking, the impact that poetry has on members of a given memory culture (Jan Assmann) can be described in ‘vampiric’ terms (Maria Janion). Poetry embodying collective memory may be compared to ‘poison’, ‘infecting’ people with a nationalistic way of thinking to their disadvantage as far as their personal lives are concerned.

Roles of keratins in intestinal health and disease

Intermediate filament keratins (K) play a pivotal role in protein targeting and epithelialcytoprotection from stress as evidenced by keratin mutations predisposing to human liver and skin diseases and possibly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The K8-null (K8-/-) mice exhibit colonic phenotype similar to IBD and marked spontaneous colitis, epithelial hyperproliferation, decreased apoptosis, mistargeting of proteins leading to defective ion transport and diarrhea. The K8-heterozygote (K8+/-) mouse colon appears normal but displays a defective sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) transport similar to, but milder than K8-/-. Characterization of K8+/- colon revealed ~50% less keratins (K7, K8, K19, K20) compared to K8 wild type (K8+/+). A similar ~50% decrease was seen in K8+/- mRNA levels as compared to K8+/+, while the mRNA levels for the other keratins were unaltered. K8+/- keratins were arranged in a normal colonic crypt expression pattern, except K7 which was expressed at the top of crypts in contrast to K8+/+. The K8+/- colon showed mild hyperplasia but no signs of inflammation and no resistance to apoptosis. Experimental colitis induced by using different concentrations of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) showed that K8+/- mice are slightly more sensitive to induced colitis and showed a delayed recovery compared to K8+/+. Hence, the K8+/- mouse with less keratins and without inflammation, provided a novel model to study direct molecular mechanisms of keratins in intestinal homeostasis and ion transport. Different candidate ion transporters for a possible role in altered ion transport seen in the K8-/- and K8+/- mouse colon were evaluated. Besides normal levels of CFTR, PAT-1 and NHE-3, DRA mRNA levels were decreased 3-4-fold and DRA protein nearly entirely lost in K8-/- caecum, distal and proximal colon compared to K8+/+. In K8+/- mice, DRA mRNA levels were unaltered while decreased DRA protein level and patchy distribution was detected particularly in the proximal colon and as compared to K8+/+. DRA was similarly decreased when K8 was knocked-down in Caco-2 cells, confirming that K8 levels modulate DRA levels in an inflammation-independent manner. The dramatic loss of DRA in colon and caecum of K8-/- mice was responsible for the chloride transport defect. The milder ion transport in K8+/- colon might be related to DRA suggesting a role for K8 in regulation of DRA expression and targeting. The current study demonstrates the importance of keratins in stress protection and cell signaling. Furthermore, we have also successfully developed a novel, simple, fast, cost effective, non-invasive in vivo imaging method for the early diagnosis of murine colitis with specificity for both genetic and experimental colitis. The said modality provides continuous measurements of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and minimizes the use of an increased number of experimental animals by using a luminal derivative chemiluminescent probe, L-012 which provides a cost-effective tool to study the level and longitudinal progression of colitis.