Työturvallisuusriskien tunnistaminen, arviointi ja hallinta pelastuslaitoksissa

Firefighters work contains numerous hazards. In rescue missions there are always hazards, which are unavoidable. Risk assessments and near-miss –situation investigation increases firefighters risk awareness and decreases accidents. This thesis concerns occupational risk management in fire department. This thesis introduces methods for identifying occupational hazards and risk assessment. In this thesis is introduced risk assessment method developed whit fire departments. This thesis also concerns a model of fire departments safety management system. In addition thesis contains a short introduction of how occupational health care cold be used and what kind of information system would support fire departments daily occupational safety activities.

Työturvallisuusriskien arviointiprosessi

Työturvallisuusriskien arviointi on oleellinen osa nykyaikaisen organisaation turvallisuusjohtamista. Työtapaturmat aiheuttavat organisaatioille merkittäviä kustannuksia, joita voidaan kuitenkin vähentää panostamalla työturvallisuusriskien hallintaan. Yksi riskienhallintakeino ovat henkilökohtaiset suojaimet. Suojainten ominaisuuksien tulee perustua työn arvioituihin riskeihin. Tässä työssä kuvataan Ovako Bar Oy Ab Imatran terästehtaalla suoritettu työturvallisuusriskienarviointiprosessi, sekä arvioinnin perusteella tehty henkilökohtaisten suojainten määrittäminen. Projektikuvauksen lisäksi työssä esitetään menetelmiä, joilla organisaatioiden on mahdollista kehittää työn riskien arviointia ja turvallisuuttaan yleisesti.

Determining risk potential through accidents and near-accidents: an empirical study in a steel factory

Fatal and permanently disabling accidents form only one per I cent of all occupational accidents but in many branches of industry they account for more than half the accident costs. Furthermore the human suffering of the victim and his family is greater in severe accidents than in slight ones. For both human and economic reasons the severe accident risks should be identified befor injuries occur. It is for this purpose that different safety analysis methods have been developed . This study shows two new possible approaches to the problem.. The first is the hypothesis that it is possible to estimate the potential severity of accidents independent of the actual severity. The second is the hypothesis that when workers are also asked to report near accidents, they are particularly prone to report potentially severe near accidents on the basis of their own subjective risk assessment. A field study was carried out in a steel factory. The results supported both the hypotheses. The reliability and the validity of post incident estimates of an accident's potential severity were reasonable. About 10 % of accidents were estimated to be potentially critical; they could have led to death or very severe permanent disability. Reported near accidents were significantly more severe, about 60 $ of them were estimated to be critical. Furthermore the validity of workers subjective risk assessment, manifested in the near accident reports, proved to be reasonable. The studied new methods require further development and testing. They could be used both in routine usage in work places and in research for identifying and setting the priorities of accident risks.

Sedentary behaviour and health with special reference to obesity and fatty liver in early midlife. The Cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study

Background: Physical inactivity and positive energy balance pose a risk to health. They increase the risk of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases. Recently, also sedentary behaviour has been associated with obesity and non-communicable diseases. Nevertheless, it has been unclear which type of sedentary behaviour is the most harmful. It is also unknown whether the relationship of sedentary behaviour with obesity is truly independent of other factors, for example physical activity and diet. Longitudinal data are limited, and the direction of causality and the mechanism of action are still unknown. Aims: The aim of this study was 1) to identify the type of sedentary behaviour having the strongest association with obesity, 2) to explore the causal relationship of sedentary behaviour and weight increase, and 3) to additionally, investigate the relationship of sedentary behaviour with fatty liver. These were studied in cross-sectional and/or longitudinal settings using data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Special emphasis was put on the evaluation of a wide range of other lifestyle factors and risks for obesity and fatty liver. Subjects: 2,060 subjects (aged 33-50 years in 2011, of which 55 % were female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study participating in follow-ups in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Measures: Self-reported time spent in various types of sedentary behaviour (I), or TV viewing time (I-III). Measured body weight, height and waist circumference (I-III), and genetic variants for high BMI (I). Fasting plasma concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme and triglyceride, calculated Fatty Liver Index (based on gamma-glutamyltransferase and triglyceride concentration, BMI and waist circumference), and the amount of intrahepatic fat measured with ultrasound (III). Self-reported leisure-time physical activity and active commuting, occupational physical activity, energy intake, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, socioeconomic status, and sleep duration as possible confounders were considered (I-III). Results: TV viewing is the sedentary behaviour type that has the strongest association with obesity. Sedentary behaviour (TV viewing) precedes weight increase, and not the other way around. Sedentary behaviour (TV viewing) is associated with increased risk of fatty liver. Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour (especially high TV viewing time) is associated with increased risks of obesity and fatty liver. Intervention studies are needed to assess whether reduction of TV time would prevent obesity and fatty liver.