Tilintarkastajan riskienhallinta vaihto-omaisuuden tarkastuksessa

Tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia tilintarkastukseen kohdistuvia vaihto-omaisuuden riskejä ja niiden hallintaa. Tilintarkastajan riskienhallinta on tullut yhä tärkeämmäksi tilintarkastusskandaalien ja standardien vaatimusten tiukentumisen takia. Vaihto-omaisuus on yksi taseen merkittävimmistä eristä. Sen riskisyyteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä ovat esimerkiksi yrityksen toimiala ja epäkuranttiuden sekä vaihto-omaisuuden määrä. Tilintarkastuksen suunnittelu, olennaisuusmäärittely ja riskienarviointi ovat samanlaisia riippumatta asiakastoimeksiannon koosta, ja ne suoritetaan standardien mukaisesti. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa haastateltiin viittä tilintarkastajaa. Empiirisen analyysin tulokset ovat pääasiassa samankaltaiset kirjallisuudesta saadun tiedon kanssa. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että vaihto-omaisuuden riskit ovat yrityskohtaisia. Suurimmat riskit ovat yrityksissä, joissa sisäiset kontrollit ovat heikot tai jonka johdon rehellisyyteen ei voida luottaa.

Green Service Level Agreement under Sustainability Lens in IT Industry

Nowadays, when most of the business are moving forward to sustainability by providing or getting different services from different vendors, Service Level Agreement (SLA) becomes very important for both the business providers/vendors and as well as for users/customers. There are many ways to inform users/customers about various services with its inherent execution functionalities and even non-functional/Quality of Services (QoS) aspects through negotiating, evaluating or monitoring SLAs. However, these traditional SLA actually do not cover eco-efficient green issues or IT ethics issues for sustainability. That is why green SLA (GSLA) should come into play. GSLA is a formal agreement incorporating all the traditional commitments as well as green issues and ethics issues in IT business sectors. GSLA research would survey on different traditional SLA parameters for various services like as network, compute, storage and multimedia in IT business areas. At the same time, this survey could focus on finding the gaps and incorporation of these traditional SLA parameters with green issues for all these mentioned services. This research is mainly points on integration of green parameters in existing SLAs, defining GSLA with new green performance indicators and their measurable units. Finally, a GSLA template could define compiling all the green indicators such as recycling, radio-wave, toxic material usage, obsolescence indication, ICT product life cycles, energy cost etc for sustainable development. Moreover, people’s interaction and IT ethics issues such as security and privacy, user satisfaction, intellectual property right, user reliability, confidentiality etc could also need to add for proposing a new GSLA. However, integration of new and existing performance indicators in the proposed GSLA for sustainable development could be difficult for ICT engineers. Therefore, this research also discovers the management complexity of proposed green SLA through designing a general informational model and analyses of all the relationships, dependencies and effects between various newly identified services under sustainability pillars. However, sustainability could only be achieved through proper implementation of newly proposed GSLA, which largely depends on monitoring the performance of the green indicators. Therefore, this research focuses on monitoring and evaluating phase of GSLA indicators through the interactions with traditional basic SLA indicators, which would help to achieve proper implementation of future GSLA. Finally, this newly proposed GSLA informational model and monitoring aspects could definitely help different service providers/vendors to design their future business strategy in this new transitional sustainable society.