12 resultados para New Jersey. National Guard.

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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Within the framework of state security policy, the focus of this dissertation are the relations between how new security threats are perceived and the policy planning and bureaucratic implementation that are designed to address them. In addition, this thesis explores and studies some of the inertias that might exist in the core of the state apparatus as it addresses new threats and how these could be better managed. The dissertation is built on five thematic and interrelated articles highlighting different aspects of when new significant national security threats are detected by different governments until the threats on the policy planning side translate into protective measures within the society. The timeline differs widely between different countries and some key aspects of this process are also studied. One focus concerns mechanisms for adaptability within the Intelligence Community, another on the policy planning process within the Cabinet Offices/National Security Councils and the third focus is on the planning process and how policy is implemented within the bureaucracy. The issue of policy transfer is also analysed, revealing that there is some imitation of innovation within governmental structures and policies, for example within the field of cyber defence. The main findings of the dissertation are that this context has built-in inertias and bureaucratic seams found in most government bureaucratic machineries. As much of the information and planning measures imply security classification of the transparency and internal debate on these issues, alternative assessments become limited. To remedy this situation, the thesis recommends ways to improve the decision-making system in order to streamline the processes involved in making these decisions. Another special focus of the thesis concerns the role of the public policy think tanks in the United States as an instrument of change in the country’s national security decision-making environment, which is viewed from the perspective as being a possible source of new ideas and innovation. The findings in this part are based on unique interviews data on how think tanks become successful and influence the policy debate in a country such as the United States. It appears clearly that in countries such as the United States think tanks smooth the decision making processes, and that this model with some adaptations also might be transferrable to other democratic countries.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

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Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

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Pöyry Finland Oy:n energialiiketoimintaryhmässä on havaittu viimeisimpien voimalaitostoteutusprojektien yhteydessä, että julkiset hankinnat asettavat tiettyjä pakollisia raameja hankintatoimen johtamiselle. Julkista hankintaa säätelee Suomessa kansallinen hankintalaki, joka on melko heikosti tunnettu. Pöyryllä on tunnistettu tarve selvittää julkisen hankinnan mahdollistamia vaikutuskeinoja hankintatoimessa ja tehdä niistä insinöörin insinöörille rakentama ohjeistus, jota voidaan hyödyntää projektikohtaisena yleisen hankintaohjeen tukena, koskien julkisten hankintojen osuutta. Tässä diplomityössä suoritetaan yleinen katsaus julkisten hankintojen tämän hetkiseen tilanteeseen ja luodaan ohjeistus julkisten hankintojen keskeisimpien vaiheiden läpiviemiselle. Työssä kuvataan julkiselle hankinnalle ominaisimpia vaiheita, joissa tulee noudattaa erityistä tarkkuuta valituksien välttämiseksi. Tarkoituksena on luoda Pöyrylle ohjeistus, miten toimia, kussakin julkisen hankinnan vaiheessa, hankintalain mukaisesti ilman valituksia markkinaoikeuteen. Vuoteen 2016 mennessä on Suomen julkaistava uudistettu kansallinen hankinta lainsäädäntö, perustuen alkuvuonna 2014 uudistettuihin EU:n hankintadirektiiveihin. Tällä hetkellä hankintalaki on hyvin tulkinnanvarainen ja parhaiten vastauksia askarruttaviin kysymyksiin löytyy alan lakia tulkitsevasta kirjallisuudesta. Kirjoittajan projektikokemuksen perusteella, hankintalakiin liittyviin kysymyksiin saa pahimmillaan eri lakia tulkitsevilta asiantuntijoilta hyvinkin erilaisia tulkintoja. Tästä johtuen ei ole ihme, että hankintalakia ei tunneta kovin hyvin niin hankintayksikön kuin osallistuja/tarjoajakandidaatin puolellakaan.