Die Mutter wird mich fragen Lied für eine Sopranstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : componirt von Fr. Pacius - [Pärmen]

Helsingfors : L. Beuermann [1840]

Lied ohne Worte [1]

Soitinnus: harppu.

Lied ohne Worte [2]

Soitinnus: harppu.

Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied BWV 225

Recorded at the concert, May 14, 1953, Sprague Memorial Hall, Yale University.

Indisches Lied, op. 19/1

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

Lied

Melartinin käsikirjoitusluettelon tunnus Mel 23:692 (ks. http://lib.siba.fi/fi/kokoelmat/kasikirjoitusarkisto/melartin_erkki/).

Lied

Soitinnus: piano.

Solvejgs Lied

Soitinnus: lauluääni, orkesteri.

Lied des Kaspers "Die Madeln, die Lieb' und der Wein" aus dem Singspiel "Kaspar der Fagottist"

Konserttitaltiointi Sommerliche Musiktage Hitzacker -festivaaleilta 1973.

Liedermacher in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Folge 3: Politisch Lied - ein garstig Lied

Saksalaista laulelmamusiikkia käsittelevä ohjelma musiikkinäyttein.

Idylli / Intermezzo

Soitinnus: piano.

XXXIV

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

Ionic liquid mediated biomass deconstruction: from analysis challenges to fermentable sugars

Ionic liquids, ILs, have recently been studied with accelerating interest to be used for a deconstruction/fractionation, dissolution or pretreatment processing method of lignocellulosic biomass. ILs are usually utilized combined with heat. Regarding lignocellulosic recalcitrance toward fractionation and IL utilization, most of the studies concern IL utilization in the biomass fermentation process prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis step. It has been demonstrated that IL-pretreatment gives more efficient hydrolysis of the biomass polysaccharides than enzymatic hydrolysis alone. Both cellulose (especially cellulose) and lignin are very resistant towards fractionation and even dissolution methods. As an example, it can be mentioned that softwood, hardwood and grass-type plant species have different types of lignin structures leading to the fact that softwood lignin (guaiacyl lignin dominates) is the most difficult to solubilize or chemically disrupt. In addition to the known conventional biomass processing methods, several ILs have also been found to efficiently dissolve either cellulose and/or wood samples – different ILs are suitable for different purposes. An IL treatment of wood usually results in non-fibrous pulp, where lignin is not efficiently separated and wood components are selectively precipitated, as cellulose is not soluble or degradable in ionic liquids under mild conditions. Nevertheless, new ILs capable of rather good fractionation performance have recently emerged. The capability of the IL to dissolve or deconstruct wood or cellulose depends on several factors, (e.g. sample origin, the particle size of the biomass, mechanical treatments as pulverization, initial biomassto-IL ratio, water content of the biomass, possible impurities of IL, reaction conditions, temperature etc). The aim of this study was to obtain (fermentable) saccharides and other valuable chemicals from wood by a combined heat and IL-treatment. Thermal treatments alone contribute to the degradation of polysaccharides (e.g. 150 °C alone is said to cause the degradation of polysaccharides), thus temperatures below that should be used, if the research interest lies on the IL effectiveness. On the other hand, the efficiency of the IL-treatment can also be enhanced to combine other treatment methods, (e.g. microwave heating). The samples of spruce, pine and birch sawdust were treated with either 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, Emim Cl, or 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, Emim Ac, (or with ionized water for comparison) at various temperatures (where focus was between 80 and 120 °C). The samples were withdrawn at fixed time intervals (the main interest treatment time area lied between 0 and 100 hours). Double experiments were executed. The selected mono- and disaccharides, as well as their known degradation products, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-HMF, and furfural were analyzed with capillary electrophoresis, CE, and high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC. Initially, even GC and GC-MS were utilized. Galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose were the main monosaccharides that were present in the wood samples exposed to ILs at elevated temperatures; in addition, furfural and 5-HMF were detected; moreover, the quantitative amount of the two latter ones were naturally increasing in line with the heating time or the IL:wood ratio.