Teollisoikeussalkun ulkoistaminen: erityisesti patenttien kannalta tarkasteltuna

Pro gradu- tutkielmassa tavoite oli tutkia yritysten halukkuutta ulkoistaa erityisesti patenttien hakuprosessia, ylläpitoa ja patenttisalkun hallintaa ulkopuoliselle asiantuntijataholle. Työssä tarkasteltiin teollisoikeuksien ulkoistamista sekä teorian valossa että kokeellisesti tekemällä yrityksille haastatteluja ja kyselyjä. Tutkielmassa käsiteltiin myös lyhyesti aineettomien oikeuksien kirjanpidollista merkintää uusien IFRS- standardien valossa, aineettomien oikeuksien omistussuhteiden siirtymistä sekä teollisoikeuksien yhteyttä pääomasijoittamiseen. Tutkielman empiirinen osuus on tehty keräämällä kyselyiden ja teemahaastatteluiden keinoin tietoa yritysten halukkuudesta ulkoistaa enemmän IPR- sektorilla ja analysoimalla tätä kerättyä materiaalia. Kaikki haastateltavat edustavat eri yritysten teollisoikeusasiantuntijoita, joten kyseessä on heidän näkemyksensä mahdollisuudesta ulkoistaa teollisoikeussalkun hallintaa Teollisoikeussalkun hallinnan ulkoistaminen on haasteellinen, mutta mielenkiintoinen aihe. Suurin osa haastatelluista henkilöistä piti laajempaa ulkoistamista IPR- alueella mahdollisena. Lähes kaikki haastateltavat pitivät esimerkiksi patenttien uutuustutkimusten ulkoistamista mahdollisena, mutta patenttiinsinöörien ja koko teollisoikeussalkun ulkoistamisen kohdalla keskeiseksi ongelmaksi nousi se, että ei ole olemassa selkeää mallia ja käytäntöä ulkoistamisprosessin suorittamisesta. Yritysten halukkuus ulkoistaa myös tämän kaltaisia toimintoja kasvaisi, jos olisi olemassa selkeä toimintamalli siitä miten ulkoistaminen hoidettaisiin.

Digitaaliongelma. Kirjoitus oikeudesta ja ympäristöstä

Tutkielma vanhoista sääntöjärjestelmistä uudessa digitaalisessa ympäristössä. Teos laajentaa oikeudellisia kysymyksiä kultuurisiin, taloudellisiin ja yhteisöllisiin taustoihin selventäen sekä menneisyyttä että tulevaisuuden haasteita ja monikansallista sääntörjäestelmää. Teos on osoitettu etenkin opiskelijoille mutta se osallistuu lisäksi meneillään olevaan keskusteluun informaation sääntelynkeinoista.

Analysis of Industrial Granular Flow Applications by Using Advanced Collision Models

Granular flow phenomena are frequently encountered in the design of process and industrial plants in the traditional fields of the chemical, nuclear and oil industries as well as in other activities such as food and materials handling. Multi-phase flow is one important branch of the granular flow. Granular materials have unusual kinds of behavior compared to normal materials, either solids or fluids. Although some of the characteristics are still not well-known yet, one thing is confirmed: the particle-particle interaction plays a key role in the dynamics of granular materials, especially for dense granular materials. At the beginning of this thesis, detailed illustration of developing two models for describing the interaction based on the results of finite-element simulation, dimension analysis and numerical simulation is presented. The first model is used to describing the normal collision of viscoelastic particles. Based on some existent models, more parameters are added to this model, which make the model predict the experimental results more accurately. The second model is used for oblique collision, which include the effects from tangential velocity, angular velocity and surface friction based on Coulomb's law. The theoretical predictions of this model are in agreement with those by finite-element simulation. I n the latter chapters of this thesis, the models are used to predict industrial granular flow and the agreement between the simulations and experiments also shows the validation of the new model. The first case presents the simulation of granular flow passing over a circular obstacle. The simulations successfully predict the existence of a parabolic steady layer and show how the characteristics of the particles, such as coefficients of restitution and surface friction affect the separation results. The second case is a spinning container filled with granular material. Employing the previous models, the simulation could also reproduce experimentally observed phenomena, such as a depression in the center of a high frequency rotation. The third application is about gas-solid mixed flow in a vertically vibrated device. Gas phase motion is added to coherence with the particle motion. The governing equations of the gas phase are solved by using the Large eddy simulation (LES) and particle motion is predicted by using the Lagrangian method. The simulation predicted some pattern formation reported by experiment.

Salient Pole Synchronous Machine Modelling in an Industrial Direct Torque Controlled Drive Application

Synchronous motors are used mainly in large drives, for example in ship propulsion systems and in steel factories' rolling mills because of their high efficiency, high overload capacity and good performance in the field weakening range. This, however, requires an extremely good torque control system. A fast torque response and a torque accuracy are basic requirements for such a drive. For large power, high dynamic performance drives the commonly known principle of field oriented vector control has been used solely hitherto, but nowadays it is not the only way to implement such a drive. A new control method Direct Torque Control (DTC) has also emerged. The performance of such a high quality torque control as DTC in dynamically demanding industrial applications is mainly based on the accurate estimate of the various flux linkages' space vectors. Nowadays industrial motor control systems are real time applications with restricted calculation capacity. At the same time the control system requires a simple, fast calculable and reasonably accurate motor model. In this work a method to handle these problems in a Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) salient pole synchronous motor drive is proposed. A motor model which combines the induction law based "voltage model" and motor inductance parameters based "current model" is presented. The voltage model operates as a main model and is calculated at a very fast sampling rate (for example 40 kHz). The stator flux linkage calculated via integration from the stator voltages is corrected using the stator flux linkage computed from the current model. The current model acts as a supervisor that prevents only the motor stator flux linkage from drifting erroneous during longer time intervals. At very low speeds the role of the current model is emphasised but, nevertheless, the voltage model always stays the main model. At higher speeds the function of the current model correction is to act as a stabiliser of the control system. The current model contains a set of inductance parameters which must be known. The validation of the current model in steady state is not self evident. It depends on the accuracy of the saturated value of the inductances. Parameter measurement of the motor model where the supply inverter is used as a measurement signal generator is presented. This so called identification run can be performed prior to delivery or during drive commissioning. A derivation method for the inductance models used for the representation of the saturation effects is proposed. The performance of the electrically excited synchronous motor supplied with the DTC inverter is proven with experimental results. It is shown that it is possible to obtain a good static accuracy of the DTC's torque controller for an electrically excited synchronous motor. The dynamic response is fast and a new operation point is achieved without oscillation. The operation is stable throughout the speed range. The modelling of the magnetising inductance saturation is essential and cross saturation has to be considered as well. The effect of cross saturation is very significant. A DTC inverter can be used as a measuring equipment and the parameters needed for the motor model can be defined by the inverter itself. The main advantage is that the parameters defined are measured in similar magnetic operation conditions and no disagreement between the parameters will exist. The inductance models generated are adequate to meet the requirements of dynamically demanding drives.