2 resultados para Hypothèse ponctuelle

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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'Theory', 'hypothesis', 'model' and 'method' in linguistics: Semasiological and onomasiological perspectives The subject of this thesis is the use of generic scientific terms, in particular the four terms 'theory', 'hypothesis', 'model' and 'method', in linguistic research articles written in French and in Finnish. The thesis examines the types of scientific constructs to which these terms are applied, and seeks to explain the variation in the use of each term. A second objective of the thesis is to analyze the relationships among these terms, and the factors determining the choices made by writers. With its focus on the authentic use of generic scientific terms, the thesis complements the normative and theoretical descriptions of these terms in Science Studies and offers new information on actual writing practices. This thesis adheres to functional and usage-based linguistics, drawing its theoretical background from cognitive linguistics and from functional approaches to terminology. The research material consisted of 120 research articles (856 569 words), representing different domains of linguistics and written in French or Finnish (60 articles in each language). The articles were extracted from peer-reviewed scientific journals and were published between 2000 and 2010. The use of generic scientific terms in the material has been examined from semasiological and onomasiological perspectives. In the first stage, different usages related to each of the four central terms were analyzed. In the second stage, the analysis was extended to other terms and expressions, such as 'theoretical framework', 'approach' and ‘claim’, which were used to name scientific constructs similar to the four terms analyzed in the first stage. Finally, in order to account for the writer’s choice among the terms, a mixed methods approach was adopted, based on the results of a previously conducted questionnaire concerning the differences between these terms as experienced by linguists themselves. Despite the general ideal that scientific terms should be carefully defined, the study shows that the use of these central terms is not without ambiguity. What is understood by these terms may vary according to different conceptual and stylistic factors as well as epistemic and disciplinary traditions. In addition to their polysemy, the semantic potentials of these terms are in part overlapping. In most cases, the variation in the use of these terms is not likely to cause serious misunderstanding. Rather, it allows the researcher to express a specific conceptualization of the scientific constructs mentioned in the article. The discipline of linguistics, however, would benefit from a more elaborate metatheoretical discussion.

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Le but de ce mémoire fut d’appliquer les théories développées dans le domaine de la localisation des jeux vidéo à un exemple concret afin de tenter d’offrir une voie pour rapprocher théories académiques et pratiques industrielles. Pour ceci, nous avons étudié la traduction anglais-français d’un dialecte fictif dans le jeu FINAL FANTASY XI Online. L’hypothèse de travail fut formulée à partir des théories de localisation de jeux vidéo concernant l’immersion du joueur dans l’expérience du jeu et des stratégies de traduction de dialectes décrites par Christian Paulus (2012) dans son mémoire. Dans notre hypothèse nous avons cherché à vérifier que la traduction ait bien cherché à conserver, voire embellir le dialecte. En construisant l’analyse du travail sur une étude quantitative des marqueurs du dialecte, nous avons quantifié puis comparé leurs occurrences dans les corpus anglais et français. Ainsi, nous avons obtenu les résultats suivants : - La traduction française comporte moins de marqueurs que l’original anglais ; - Les marqueurs du corpus français sont répartis plus uniformément sur l’ensemble corpus. D’un aspect quantitatif, la traduction française n’a donc pas conservé le dialecte, réfutant notre hypothèse de départ. Le deuxième résultat de l’analyse pourrait cependant soutenir les théories de la localisation des jeux vidéo, mais cette interprétation nécessiterait une étude focalisée sur la situation de réception et le récepteur afin d’être vérifiée. De plus, la comparaison de nos résultats avec ceux de Paulus semblerait confirmer son idée que ces stratégies de traduction de dialectes mériteraient d’être affinées.