Organisaation kehittämisen merkitys yrityksen tulokselle. Tapaustutkimus Elimäen Osuuspankista

Tutkimuksen tarkastelukohteena oli organisaation kehittämisen merkitys yrityksen tulokselle. Tutkielma jakaantui teoreettiseen ja empiiriseen osaan. Teoriaosassa muodostettiin viitekehys organisaation kehittämisen menetelmien ymmärtämiseksi ja siihen vaikuttavien osatekijöiden jaottelemiseksi. Työn empiirisessä osassa tätä viitekehystä hyödynnettiin kysely- ja haastattelututkimuksen sekä asiakas- ja henkilökyselyn pohjana. Organisaation kehittäminen on organisaation ja yksilön oppimista, kykyä oppia ja soveltaa oppimaansa käytäntöön siten, että se saa aikaan taloudellista tulosta. Yrityksen tulos voidaan jakaa taloudelliseen ja laadulliseen tulokseen. Taloudellinen tulos mitataan numeerisesti tilinpäätöksessä. Laadullinen tulos liittyy asiakkuuteen, oppimiskykyyn, sosiaalisen ja inhimillisen arvon mittaamiseen tai tietopääoman kehitykseen, jota voidaan mitata esimerkiksi asiakas- ja henkilöstötutkimuksin. Jotta organisaation kehittämisellä olisi merkitystä yrityksen tulokselle, tulee kehittämistyön olla pitkäjänteistä, systemaattista ja suunnitemallista pohjautuen yrityksen visioon.

Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulations in Computed Tomography(CT) Scan-Based and Idealized Geometries of Human Aorta

Blood flow in human aorta is an unsteady and complex phenomenon. The complex patterns are related to the geometrical features like curvature, bends, and branching and pulsatile nature of flow from left ventricle of heart. The aim of this work was to understand the effect of aorta geometry on the flow dynamics. To achieve this, 3D realistic and idealized models of descending aorta were reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) images of a female patient. The geometries were reconstructed using medical image processing code. The blood flow in aorta was assumed to be laminar and incompressible and the blood was assumed to be Newtonian fluid. A time dependent pulsatile and parabolic boundary condition was deployed at inlet. Steady and unsteady blood flow simulations were performed in real and idealized geometries of descending aorta using a Finite Volume Method (FVM) code. Analysis of Wall Shear Stress (WSS) distribution, pressure distribution, and axial velocity profiles were carried out in both geometries at steady and unsteady state conditions. The results obtained in thesis work reveal that the idealization of geometry underestimates the values of WSS especially near the region with sudden change of diameter. However, the resultant pressure and velocity in idealized geometry are close to those in real geometry

Cultural Diversity, Social Cohesion, Religion: Core Values and Educational Policies in Four European Nations

In my doctoral thesis I evaluate strategies designed to cope with the multicultural nature of four European nations: Great Britain, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark. I also analyse and clarify the question of the place of religion in present-day Europe. The empirical material analysed in the study consists of politicians’ statements and policy documents dealing with immigration policy and religious and values education in the four countries. In addition, I analyse statements issued by the Council of Europe regarding religious education, along with all cases relevant to religious education brought before the United Nations Human Rights Committee or the European Court of Human Rights. The theoretical framework is formed by the scholarly debate – among philosophers, sociologists and scholars of religion in education – concerning the question of a just society. Special emphasis is given to philosophical theories that are in favour of granting special group rights to religious minorities in the name of equal treatment. With regard to the question of the appropriate place of religion, I apply Kim Knott’s methodological model for locating religion in secular contexts, and Émile Durkheim’s theory as to the significance of religion and collective sentiments in uniting adherents or members of a group into a single moral community. The study shows that even when the positive side of immigration, as a potential force for the enrichment of the public culture, is acknowledged, there is anxiety as to the successful integration of immigrants. The premises and goals of immigration policies have also been questioned. One central problem is the incommensurability between the values upheld by Western liberal democracies and certain religious traditions, above all those of Islam. Great Britain, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark have tightened control over their citizens’ ethical attitudes and want to regulate these as well. In coping with cultural diversity, the significance of education, especially religious education, plays a significant role; as future citizens, pupils are expected to internalise the society’s core values as well as gaining an understanding of different cultures and ways of life. It is also worth noting that both the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights have recently expressed the view that one important goal of religious education is to enable pupils to be critical and autonomous with regard to different religions and moral positions. The study shows that religion is not seen as purely a personal matter. Religion is closely linked to individual and national identity, and religious traditions thus have a place in the public domain. It should be noted, however, that a religious tradition – more precisely, an interpretation of religious tradition – qualifies as a legitimate partner in the democratic decision-making process only if it shares similar values with Western European nations.