Design and validation of stateful composite RESTful web services

A web service is a software system that provides a machine-processable interface to the other machines over the network using different Internet protocols. They are being increasingly used in the industry in order to automate different tasks and offer services to a wider audience. The REST architectural style aims at producing scalable and extensible web services using technologies that play well with the existing tools and infrastructure of the web. It provides a uniform set of operation that can be used to invoke a CRUD interface (create, retrieve, update and delete) of a web service. The stateless behavior of the service interface requires that every request to a resource is independent of the previous ones facilitating scalability. Automated systems, e.g., hotel reservation systems, provide advanced scenarios for stateful services that require a certain sequence of requests that must be followed in order to fulfill the service goals. Designing and developing such services for advanced scenarios with REST constraints require rigorous approaches that are capable of creating web services that can be trusted for their behavior. Systems that can be trusted for their behavior can be termed as dependable systems. This thesis presents an integrated design, analysis and validation approach that facilitates the service developer to create dependable and stateful REST web services. The main contribution of this thesis is that we provide a novel model-driven methodology to design behavioral REST web service interfaces and their compositions. The behavioral interfaces provide information on what methods can be invoked on a service and the pre- and post-conditions of these methods. The methodology uses Unified Modeling Language (UML), as the modeling language, which has a wide user base and has mature tools that are continuously evolving. We have used UML class diagram and UML state machine diagram with additional design constraints to provide resource and behavioral models, respectively, for designing REST web service interfaces. These service design models serve as a specification document and the information presented in them have manifold applications. The service design models also contain information about the time and domain requirements of the service that can help in requirement traceability which is an important part of our approach. Requirement traceability helps in capturing faults in the design models and other elements of software development environment by tracing back and forth the unfulfilled requirements of the service. The information about service actors is also included in the design models which is required for authenticating the service requests by authorized actors since not all types of users have access to all the resources. In addition, following our design approach, the service developer can ensure that the designed web service interfaces will be REST compliant. The second contribution of this thesis is consistency analysis of the behavioral REST interfaces. To overcome the inconsistency problem and design errors in our service models, we have used semantic technologies. The REST interfaces are represented in web ontology language, OWL2, that can be part of the semantic web. These interfaces are used with OWL 2 reasoners to check unsatisfiable concepts which result in implementations that fail. This work is fully automated thanks to the implemented translation tool and the existing OWL 2 reasoners. The third contribution of this thesis is the verification and validation of REST web services. We have used model checking techniques with UPPAAL model checker for this purpose. The timed automata of UML based service design models are generated with our transformation tool that are verified for their basic characteristics like deadlock freedom, liveness, reachability and safety. The implementation of a web service is tested using a black-box testing approach. Test cases are generated from the UPPAAL timed automata and using the online testing tool, UPPAAL TRON, the service implementation is validated at runtime against its specifications. Requirement traceability is also addressed in our validation approach with which we can see what service goals are met and trace back the unfulfilled service goals to detect the faults in the design models. A final contribution of the thesis is an implementation of behavioral REST interfaces and service monitors from the service design models. The partial code generation tool creates code skeletons of REST web services with method pre and post-conditions. The preconditions of methods constrain the user to invoke the stateful REST service under the right conditions and the post condition constraint the service developer to implement the right functionality. The details of the methods can be manually inserted by the developer as required. We do not target complete automation because we focus only on the interface aspects of the web service. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated with a pedagogical example of a hotel room booking service and a relatively complex worked example of holiday booking service taken from the industrial context. The former example presents a simple explanation of the approach and the later worked example shows how stateful and timed web services offering complex scenarios and involving other web services can be constructed using our approach.

Release Process Effectiveness - Case of Operating Room Management Software

Työn päätavoitteena oli tuoda esiin tärkeimmät julkistamisprosessin tehokkuuteen vaikuttavat tekijät. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin aihetta julkistamisprojektien vetäjän näkökulmasta. Kirjallinen selvitys kattaa keskeisimmät ohjelmistoprosessin, palvelun laadun sekä projektihallinnan teoriat. Kokeellisena aineistona käytettiin asiakkailta ja myynnin sekä käyttöönoton organisaatioilta tullutta palautetta ja asiantuntijahaastatteluita. Case-tuotteena tarkasteltiin suuren kansainvälisen yrityksen jälleenmyymää leikkaussalihallinnan ohjelmistoa. Tärkeimpiä julkistamisprosessin tehokkuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä ovat tiekartan ja julkistamispakettien sisällön hallinta, projektin aikataulujen pitäminen, rehellinen ja nopea kommunikaatio myyntikanavaan ja asiakkaille, sekä hyvin toteutettu testaus. Työssä käydään läpi esimerkkistrategioita kehittymiseen näillä alueilla.

Scandinavian companies of banking, retailing and hotel sectors investing into the Baltic States-developing service sector

Diplomityö tehtiin Lappeenrannan yliopistossa päätavoitteenaan selvittää tärkeimmät motiivit, jotka ovat saaneet pohjoismaiset palvelualan yrityksetinvestoimaan Baltian maiden kehittyvillä markkinoilla. Pohjoismaiset yritykset ovat olleet aiemmin aktiivisia hyödyntämään Baltian maiden työvoimaa tuotantosektorilla. Suomalaiset yritykset ovat investoineet aiemmin telekommunikaatio- sekävaatetussektoreihin, mutta nykyisin investointien pääpaino on siirtynyt palvelualalle. Pankkisektori on erittäin kehittynyt pohjoismaissa ja ruotsalaiset yritykset ovat onnistuneet myös Baltiassa siirtyen markkinoille yksityistämisen tuomien mahdollisuuksien avulla. Nykyisin näillä yrityksillä on vahva jalansija Virossa sekä ovat etabloituneet myös Latviaan ja Liettuaan. Suomalaiset pankkialan yritykset ovat olleet vaatimattomampia tällä sektorilla. Vähittäiskauppiaat ovat vasta kansainvälistymisprosessinsa alkutaipaleella. Suomalaiset yritykset ovat laajentuneet Viroon ja tehneet yhteistyötä ruotsalaisten yritysten kanssa. Hotellisektorilla suomalaiset ja ruotsalaiset ovat edenneet rauhallisesti, mutta norjalainen ketju, Reval Hotel, on laajentunut kaikkiin Baltian maihin. Hotellisektorilla on luvassa kasvua lähivuosina. Kilpailutilanne on kiristynyt kaikilla palvelualan sektoreilla sekä paikallisten yritysten kasvun että ulkomaisten investoijien myötä. Elinolojen paraneminen vaikuttaa myös kilpailutilanteeseen kiristävästi, sillä se luo mahdollisuuksia yrityksille laajentua. Tämä diplomityö selvittäätilannetta valittujen yritysten kannalta niiden kansainvälistymisen alkutaipaleella.

Ruokalistoja : Hotelli Grand Hotel

Vuosilta 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940 ja 1941

Analysis of electricity distribution network operation business models and capitalization of control room functions with DMS

Electricity distribution network operation (NO) models are challenged as they are expected to continue to undergo changes during the coming decades in the fairly developed and regulated Nordic electricity market. Network asset managers are to adapt to competitive technoeconomical business models regarding the operation of increasingly intelligent distribution networks. Factors driving the changes for new business models within network operation include: increased investments in distributed automation (DA), regulative frameworks for annual profit limits and quality through outage cost, increasing end-customer demands, climatic changes and increasing use of data system tools, such as Distribution Management System (DMS). The doctoral thesis addresses the questions a) whether there exist conditions and qualifications for competitive markets within electricity distribution network operation and b) if so, identification of limitations and required business mechanisms. This doctoral thesis aims to provide an analytical business framework, primarily for electric utilities, for evaluation and development purposes of dedicated network operation models to meet future market dynamics within network operation. In the thesis, the generic build-up of a business model has been addressed through the use of the strategicbusiness hierarchy levels of mission, vision and strategy for definition of the strategic direction of the business followed by the planning, management and process execution levels of enterprisestrategy execution. Research questions within electricity distribution network operation are addressed at the specified hierarchy levels. The results of the research represent interdisciplinary findings in the areas of electrical engineering and production economics. The main scientific contributions include further development of the extended transaction cost economics (TCE) for government decisions within electricity networks and validation of the usability of the methodology for the electricity distribution industry. Moreover, DMS benefit evaluations in the thesis based on the outage cost calculations propose theoretical maximum benefits of DMS applications equalling roughly 25% of the annual outage costs and 10% of the respective operative costs in the case electric utility. Hence, the annual measurable theoretical benefits from the use of DMS applications are considerable. The theoretical results in the thesis are generally validated by surveys and questionnaires.

Hotelli Grand : Viinihinnasto = Hotel Grand : Vinlista

Viinilista. Ei hintoja. Suomen- ja ruotsinkielinen

Kansallis-Osake-Pankki : Menu : Grand Hotel Fennia : 18. 2. 19

Ruokalista

A. L. 9.12.1912 : Grand hotel Fennia, Helsingfors

Ruokalista

Kansallis-Osake-Pankki : Juhla-ateriat : 11.2.1928 : Grand Hotel Fennia

Ruokalista

Kansallis-Osake-Pankki : Päivällinen : 15.2.1929 : Grand Hotel Fennia, H:ki

Ruokalista

L'Hotel Fennia, Helsingfors : Le 14 – 2 – 1900 : Menu

Ruokalista

Hotel Fennia. Konsert

Konserttiohjelma 21.10.1901. Af original Wiener Dam-orkestern Donauweibchen.