23 resultados para Graph-Based Linear Programming Modelling
em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland
Resumo:
[Abstract]
Resumo:
The Thesis gives a decision support framework that has significant impact on the economic performance and viability of a hydropower company. The studyaddresses the short-term hydropower planning problem in the Nordic deregulated electricity market. The basics of the Nordic electricity market, trading mechanisms, hydropower system characteristics and production planning are presented in the Thesis. The related modelling theory and optimization methods are covered aswell. The Thesis provides a mixed integer linear programming model applied in asuccessive linearization method for optimal bidding and scheduling decisions inthe hydropower system operation within short-term horizon. A scenario based deterministic approach is exploited for modelling uncertainty in market price and inflow. The Thesis proposes a calibration framework to examine the physical accuracy and economic optimality of the decisions suggested by the model. A calibration example is provided with data from a real hydropower system using a commercial modelling application with the mixed integer linear programming solver CPLEX.
Resumo:
Linguistic modelling is a rather new branch of mathematics that is still undergoing rapid development. It is closely related to fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, but knowledge and experience from other fields of mathematics, as well as other fields of science including linguistics and behavioral sciences, is also necessary to build appropriate mathematical models. This topic has received considerable attention as it provides tools for mathematical representation of the most common means of human communication - natural language. Adding a natural language level to mathematical models can provide an interface between the mathematical representation of the modelled system and the user of the model - one that is sufficiently easy to use and understand, but yet conveys all the information necessary to avoid misinterpretations. It is, however, not a trivial task and the link between the linguistic and computational level of such models has to be established and maintained properly during the whole modelling process. In this thesis, we focus on the relationship between the linguistic and the mathematical level of decision support models. We discuss several important issues concerning the mathematical representation of meaning of linguistic expressions, their transformation into the language of mathematics and the retranslation of mathematical outputs back into natural language. In the first part of the thesis, our view of the linguistic modelling for decision support is presented and the main guidelines for building linguistic models for real-life decision support that are the basis of our modeling methodology are outlined. From the theoretical point of view, the issues of representation of meaning of linguistic terms, computations with these representations and the retranslation process back into the linguistic level (linguistic approximation) are studied in this part of the thesis. We focus on the reasonability of operations with the meanings of linguistic terms, the correspondence of the linguistic and mathematical level of the models and on proper presentation of appropriate outputs. We also discuss several issues concerning the ethical aspects of decision support - particularly the loss of meaning due to the transformation of mathematical outputs into natural language and the issue or responsibility for the final decisions. In the second part several case studies of real-life problems are presented. These provide background and necessary context and motivation for the mathematical results and models presented in this part. A linguistic decision support model for disaster management is presented here – formulated as a fuzzy linear programming problem and a heuristic solution to it is proposed. Uncertainty of outputs, expert knowledge concerning disaster response practice and the necessity of obtaining outputs that are easy to interpret (and available in very short time) are reflected in the design of the model. Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is considered in two case studies - first in the context of the evaluation of works of art, where a weak consistency condition is introduced and an adaptation of AHP for large matrices of preference intensities is presented. The second AHP case-study deals with the fuzzified version of AHP and its use for evaluation purposes – particularly the integration of peer-review into the evaluation of R&D outputs is considered. In the context of HR management, we present a fuzzy rule based evaluation model (academic faculty evaluation is considered) constructed to provide outputs that do not require linguistic approximation and are easily transformed into graphical information. This is achieved by designing a specific form of fuzzy inference. Finally the last case study is from the area of humanities - psychological diagnostics is considered and a linguistic fuzzy model for the interpretation of outputs of multidimensional questionnaires is suggested. The issue of the quality of data in mathematical classification models is also studied here. A modification of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method is presented to reflect variable quality of data instances in the validation set during classifier performance assessment. Twelve publications on which the author participated are appended as a third part of this thesis. These summarize the mathematical results and provide a closer insight into the issues of the practicalapplications that are considered in the second part of the thesis.
Resumo:
In this work mathematical programming models for structural and operational optimisation of energy systems are developed and applied to a selection of energy technology problems. The studied cases are taken from industrial processes and from large regional energy distribution systems. The models are based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) and on a hybrid approach of a combination of Non-Linear Programming (NLP) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The optimisation of the structure and operation of energy systems in urban regions is treated in the work. Firstly, distributed energy systems (DES) with different energy conversion units and annual variations of consumer heating and electricity demands are considered. Secondly, district cooling systems (DCS) with cooling demands for a large number of consumers are studied, with respect to a long term planning perspective regarding to given predictions of the consumer cooling demand development in a region. The work comprises also the development of applications for heat recovery systems (HRS), where paper machine dryer section HRS is taken as an illustrative example. The heat sources in these systems are moist air streams. Models are developed for different types of equipment price functions. The approach is based on partitioning of the overall temperature range of the system into a number of temperature intervals in order to take into account the strong nonlinearities due to condensation in the heat recovery exchangers. The influence of parameter variations on the solutions of heat recovery systems is analysed firstly by varying cost factors and secondly by varying process parameters. Point-optimal solutions by a fixed parameter approach are compared to robust solutions with given parameter variation ranges. In the work enhanced utilisation of excess heat in heat recovery systems with impingement drying, electricity generation with low grade excess heat and the use of absorption heat transformers to elevate a stream temperature above the excess heat temperature are also studied.
Resumo:
The advancement of science and technology makes it clear that no single perspective is any longer sufficient to describe the true nature of any phenomenon. That is why the interdisciplinary research is gaining more attention overtime. An excellent example of this type of research is natural computing which stands on the borderline between biology and computer science. The contribution of research done in natural computing is twofold: on one hand, it sheds light into how nature works and how it processes information and, on the other hand, it provides some guidelines on how to design bio-inspired technologies. The first direction in this thesis focuses on a nature-inspired process called gene assembly in ciliates. The second one studies reaction systems, as a modeling framework with its rationale built upon the biochemical interactions happening within a cell. The process of gene assembly in ciliates has attracted a lot of attention as a research topic in the past 15 years. Two main modelling frameworks have been initially proposed in the end of 1990s to capture ciliates’ gene assembly process, namely the intermolecular model and the intramolecular model. They were followed by other model proposals such as templatebased assembly and DNA rearrangement pathways recombination models. In this thesis we are interested in a variation of the intramolecular model called simple gene assembly model, which focuses on the simplest possible folds in the assembly process. We propose a new framework called directed overlap-inclusion (DOI) graphs to overcome the limitations that previously introduced models faced in capturing all the combinatorial details of the simple gene assembly process. We investigate a number of combinatorial properties of these graphs, including a necessary property in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs. We also introduce DOI graph-based rewriting rules that capture all the operations of the simple gene assembly model and prove that they are equivalent to the string-based formalization of the model. Reaction systems (RS) is another nature-inspired modeling framework that is studied in this thesis. Reaction systems’ rationale is based upon two main regulation mechanisms, facilitation and inhibition, which control the interactions between biochemical reactions. Reaction systems is a complementary modeling framework to traditional quantitative frameworks, focusing on explicit cause-effect relationships between reactions. The explicit formulation of facilitation and inhibition mechanisms behind reactions, as well as the focus on interactions between reactions (rather than dynamics of concentrations) makes their applicability potentially wide and useful beyond biological case studies. In this thesis, we construct a reaction system model corresponding to the heat shock response mechanism based on a novel concept of dominance graph that captures the competition on resources in the ODE model. We also introduce for RS various concepts inspired by biology, e.g., mass conservation, steady state, periodicity, etc., to do model checking of the reaction systems based models. We prove that the complexity of the decision problems related to these properties varies from P to NP- and coNP-complete to PSPACE-complete. We further focus on the mass conservation relation in an RS and introduce the conservation dependency graph to capture the relation between the species and also propose an algorithm to list the conserved sets of a given reaction system.
Resumo:
Teollisuuden tuotannon eri prosessien optimointi on hyvin ajankohtainen aihe. Monet ohjausjärjestelmät ovat ajalta, jolloin tietokoneiden laskentateho oli hyvin vaatimaton nykyisiin verrattuna. Työssä esitetään tuotantoprosessi, joka sisältää teräksen leikkaussuunnitelman muodostamisongelman. Valuprosessi on yksi teräksen valmistuksen välivaiheita. Siinä sopivaan laatuun saatettu sula teräs valetaan linjastoon, jossa se jähmettyy ja leikataan aihioiksi. Myöhemmissä vaiheissa teräsaihioista muokataan pienempiä kokonaisuuksia, tehtaan lopputuotteita. Jatkuvavaletut aihiot voidaan leikata tilauskannasta riippuen monella eri tavalla. Tätä varten tarvitaan leikkaussuunnitelma, jonka muodostamiseksi on ratkaistava sekalukuoptimointiongelma. Sekalukuoptimointiongelmat ovat optimoinnin haastavin muoto. Niitä on tutkittu yksinkertaisempiin optimointiongelmiin nähden vähän. Nykyisten tietokoneiden laskentateho on kuitenkin mahdollistanut raskaampien ja monimutkaisempien optimointialgoritmien käytön ja kehittämisen. Työssä on käytetty ja esitetty eräs stokastisen optimoinnin menetelmä, differentiaalievoluutioalgoritmi. Tässä työssä esitetään teräksen leikkausoptimointialgoritmi. Kehitetty optimointimenetelmä toimii dynaamisesti tehdasympäristössä käyttäjien määrittelemien parametrien mukaisesti. Työ on osa Syncron Tech Oy:n Ovako Bar Oy Ab:lle toimittamaa ohjausjärjestelmää.
Resumo:
Diplomityön tavoitteena oli tehostaa venttiilipesien koneistuksessa käytettävän monitoimipystysorvin NC - ohjelmointia CAM - ohjelman käyttöönotolla. Tutkimus on osa laajempaa kokonaisuutta liittyen koneistusalihankinnan kehittämiseen ja yrityksen kilpailukyvyn ylläpitoon ja parantamiseen liiketoiminta-alueella, jolla on tällä hetkellä hyvät kasvunäkymät. Tavoite rajattiin yritykseen jo aiemmin hankitun WinCAM - ohjelman päivittämiseen ja hyödyntämiseen monitoimipystysorvin NC - ohjelmoinnissa. Tutkimuksen käytännön tavoitteena oli selvittää CAM - ohjelmoinnin käyttömahdollisuudet, sekä luoda CAM - ohjelmistoon pohjautuva, räätälöity NC - ohjelmointikonsepti pilottikohteeseen. Tutkimuksen kokeellisen osuuden muodostivat tällöin nykyisen tuotannon ongelmakohtien löytäminen, koneen ohjelmointitarpeiden kartoitus,sekä menetelmäkehitys. Tutkimuksen päämääränä oli tuotannon tasolla käytettävä järjestelmä, jolla koneen ohjelmointi olisi mahdollista myös vähemmällä konekohtaisella kokemuksella. Nykyisen toimintatavan ongelmina olivat yhtenäisen NC - ohjelmointikäytännön puute, niin valmiiden ohjelmien käytössä kuin uusienkin ohjelmien tekemisessä. Tähän olivat syynä NC - ohjauksen heikko käytettävyys erityisesti sorvauksen osalta. Nämä tekijät yhdistettynä monitoimityöstökoneessa tarvittavaan koordinaatiston hallintaan vaikeuttivat ohjelmointia. Työntekijäkohtaiset erot NC - ohjelmien käytössä, sekä laadultaan vaihtelevat valuaihiot aiheuttivat tuotannon läpäisyaikaan merkittävää vaihtelua. Siten myös koneen kuormituksen säätely oli vaikeaa. Uuden ohjelmointikonseptin toteutuksessa pidettiin etusijalla hyvää käytettävyyttä, sekä uuden menetelmän aukotonta liittymistä olemassa oleviin tuotantojärjestelmiin. Ohjelmointikonseptin toteutuksessa, osaperheestä haettiin selkeästi parametroitaviksi soveltuvat työvaiheet, jotka voitiin hallita yleiskäyttöisillä aliohjelmilla. Tuotteiden muidengeometrioiden hallintaan laadittiin geometriakirjasto, jota voitiin käyttää tavanomaisen graafisen ohjelmoinnin pohjana. Vanhaa toimintatapaa ja diplomityön aikana kehitettyä CAM - ohjelmointijärjestelmää vertailtiin perustuen NC - ohjelmien tehokkuuteen, jota tarkasteltiin saman työvaiheen työstöaikaan perustuen. Tämän lisäksi tärkeän tuloksen muodostavat myös kvalitatiivisetseikat, jotka liittyvät ohjelmointiympäristön käytettävyyteen. CAM - ohjelmoinnin kehittäminen ja käyttöönotto pilottikohteessa sujui pääosin hyvin ja laaditunsuunnitelman mukaisesti. Aiemmin hankalasti ohjelmoitavat työvaiheet, kuten erilaisten laippatasopintojen ja reikäpiirien ohjelmointi muutettiin makrokäyttöön soveltuviksi. Sorvauksessa ongelmia aiheuttaneen tiivistelilan koneistukseen sovellettiin graafista ohjelmointia. Koko tuotannon mittakaavassa NC - ohjelmoinninosuus oli kuitenkin vähäinen, mistä johtuen koneen tuottavuuteen ei tutkimuksenajanjaksolla voitu vaikuttaa. Sen sijaan tuotannon sujuvuuteen oleellisesti vaikuttavaa työtekijöiden 'hiljaisen tiedon' määrää voitiin vähentää vakioimalla ohjelmointia ja siirtämällä tehokkaiksi havaitut menetelmät ohjelmointijärjestelmään.
Resumo:
Tälle diplomityölle on antanut alkusysäyksen tarve kehittää käytössä olevaa meesauunin simulointiohjelmaa. Simulointiohjelma mallintaa meesauunin stationaaritilan toimintaa. Sillä voidaan tutkia uunin konstruktion muutosten vaikutuksia uunin toimintaan. Ohjelma on tehty 1980-luvun alkupuolella. Sen aikaisten tietokoneiden laskentatehojen vuoksi ohjelman käyttämään laskentamalliin on jouduttu tekemään joukko erilaisia yksinkertaistuksia laskenta-ajan lyhentämiseksi. Tässä diplomityössä keskityttiin tutkimaan meesauunin polttovyöhykkeen lämmönsiirron ja palamisen mallinnusta. Työssä luotiin aluksi tarvittavat massa- ja energiataseet sekä esitettiin tarvittavat lämmönsiirtoyhtälöt. Sen jälkeen kehitettiin uusi polttoaineen 1D-palamismalli. Palamismalli tehtiin VTT:n tekemien 3D-mallinnusten perusteella. Polttoaineina käytettiin maakaasua ja polttoöljyä. Uusi palamismalli lisättiin simulointiohjelmaan. Lisäksi simulointiohjelmasta muutettiin savukaasun emissiviteetin laskenta ja lämmönsiirto uunin ulkopinnasta ympäristöön. Tuloksena saatiin aikaan uusi tarkempi kuvaus lämmönsiirrosta ja palamisesta meesauunissa.
Resumo:
The golden standard in nuclear medicine imaging of inflammation is the use of radiolabeled leukocytes. Although their diagnostic accuracy is good, the preparation of the leukocytes is both laborious and potentially hazardous for laboratory personnel. Molecules involved in leukocyte migration could serve as targets for the development of inflammation imaging agents. An excellent target would be a molecule that is absent or expressed at low level in normal tissues, but is induced or up-regulated at the site of inflammation. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a very promising target for in vivo imaging, since it is translocated to the endothelial cell surface when inflammation occurs. VAP-1 functions as an endothelial adhesion molecule that participates in leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues. Besides being an adhesion molecule, VAP-1 also has enzymatic activity. In this thesis, the targeting of VAP-1 was studied by using Gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled peptides and an Iodine-124 (124I) labeled antibody. The peptides were designed based on molecular modelling and phage display library searches. The new imaging agents were preclinically tested in vitro, as well as in vivo in animal models. The most promising imaging agent appeared to be a peptide belonging to the VAP-1 leukocyte ligand, Siglec-9 peptide. The 68Ga-labeled Siglec-9 peptide was able to detect VAP-1 positive vasculature in rodent models of sterile skin inflammation and melanoma by positron emission tomography. In addition to peptides, the 124I-labeled antibody showed VAP-1 specific binding both in vitro and in vivo. However, the estimated human radiation dose was rather high, and thus further preclinical studies in disease models are needed to clarify the value of this imaging agent. Detection of VAP-1 on endothelium was demonstrated in these studies and this imaging approach could be used in the diagnosis of inflammatory conditions as well as melanoma. These studies provide a proof-of-concept for PET imaging of VAP-1 and further studies are warranted.
Resumo:
En option är ett finansiellt kontrakt som ger dess innehavare en rättighet (men medför ingen skyldighet) att sälja eller köpa någonting (till exempel en aktie) till eller från säljaren av optionen till ett visst pris vid en bestämd tidpunkt i framtiden. Den som säljer optionen binder sig till att gå med på denna framtida transaktion ifall optionsinnehavaren längre fram bestämmer sig för att inlösa optionen. Säljaren av optionen åtar sig alltså en risk av att den framtida transaktion som optionsinnehavaren kan tvinga honom att göra visar sig vara ofördelaktig för honom. Frågan om hur säljaren kan skydda sig mot denna risk leder till intressanta optimeringsproblem, där målet är att hitta en optimal skyddsstrategi under vissa givna villkor. Sådana optimeringsproblem har studerats mycket inom finansiell matematik. Avhandlingen "The knapsack problem approach in solving partial hedging problems of options" inför en ytterligare synpunkt till denna diskussion: I en relativt enkel (ändlig och komplett) marknadsmodell kan nämligen vissa partiella skyddsproblem beskrivas som så kallade kappsäcksproblem. De sistnämnda är välkända inom en gren av matematik som heter operationsanalys. I avhandlingen visas hur skyddsproblem som tidigare lösts på andra sätt kan alternativt lösas med hjälp av metoder som utvecklats för kappsäcksproblem. Förfarandet tillämpas även på helt nya skyddsproblem i samband med så kallade amerikanska optioner.
Resumo:
Tämä kandidaatintyö on tarkoitettu suomenkieliseksi selvitykseksi lastuavissa työstöprosesseissa esiintyvien työstövärähtelyjen luonteesta, syntymekanismeista ja välttämismenetelmistä. Erityisesti työssä keskitytään matemaattiseen mallintamiseen pohjautuviin välttämismenetelmiin.
Resumo:
The Baltic Sea is a unique environment that contains unique genetic populations. In order to study these populations on a genetic level basic molecular research is needed. The aim of this thesis was to provide a basic genetic resource for population genomic studies by de novo assembling a transcriptome for the Baltic Sea isopod Idotea balthica. RNA was extracted from a whole single adult male isopod and sequenced using Illumina (125bp PE) RNA-Seq. The reads were preprocessed using FASTQC for quality control, TRIMMOMATIC for trimming, and RCORRECTOR for error correction. The preprocessed reads were then assembled with TRINITY, a de Bruijn graph-based assembler, using different k-mer sizes. The different assemblies were combined and clustered using CD-HIT. The assemblies were evaluated using TRANSRATE for quality and filtering, BUSCO for completeness, and TRANSDECODER for annotation potential. The 25-mer assembly was annotated using PANNZER (protein annotation with z-score) and BLASTX. The 25-mer assembly represents the best first draft assembly since it contains the most information. However, this assembly shows high levels of polymorphism, which currently cannot be differentiated as paralogs or allelic variants. Furthermore, this assembly is incomplete, which could be improved by sampling additional developmental stages.
Resumo:
Abstract