Suomalaisten Internet-kauppojen palvelutaso

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää Suomalaisten Internet-kauppojen palvelutasoa. Ensin tehtiin tutkimus, jossa mitattiin eri muuttujia, jotka vaikuttavat kaupan palvelutasoon. Internet-kaupasta ostettiin tuote ja kun tuote oli saapunut, se palautettiin takaisin kauppiaalle. Tutkimusosuus päättyi siihen, kun kauppias oli palauttanut rahat asiakkaan tilille. Tutkimuksen jälkeen kerätty data analysoitiin ja etsittiin mahdollisia ongelmia koko ostoprosessista. Ongelmakohtiin tehtiin vaihtoehtoisia ratkaisumalleja, joiden avulla pyritään löytämään paras toimintatapa kussakin tilanteessa. Ongelmina esille tulivat koodausvirheet kauppojen sivuilla, kuolleiden linkkien määrä Solo-torin portaalissa, kauppiaan osoitetietojen puuttuminen kaupan sivuilta ja kuluttajansuojalain kiertäminen tuotteen palautusoikeuden osalta. Pääratkaisuvaihtoehdot ongelmien osalta ovat parempi kuluttajansuojalakien noudattaminen tai toisaalta viranomaisten taholta tarkempi valvonta ja toisaalta Solo-torin linkkien tarkistus tasaisin väliajoin ja osoitetietojen päivitys Internet-kauppojen sivuille.

Ecology of species living on dead wood : lessons for dead wood management

Abstract

Development of power flows around Baltic countries with new grid links

In the Thesis main focus is done on power flow development paths around the Baltic States as well as on market-based requirements for creation of the common Baltic electricity market. Current market regulations between the countries are presented; barriers for creating competitive common Baltic power market and for electricity trading with third countries are clarified; solutions are offered and corresponding road map is developed. Future power development paths around the Baltic States are analysed. For this purpose the 330 kV transmission grid of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is modelled in a power flow tool. Power flow calculations are carried out for winter and summer peak and off-peak load periods in 2020 with different combinations of interconnections. While carrying out power balance experiments several power flow patterns in the Baltic States are revealed. Conclusions are made about security of supply, grid congestion and transmission capacity availability for different scenarios.

Dead love, Op. 4 N:o 1

Ei vapaa, vapautuu 2027?. Kosti Vehanen (1887-1957), André Tellier (1902?-??).

Searchig the links between "knowledge governance mechanisms", "the individual conditions of knowledge sharing", and "individual's knowledge sharing behaviour".

The objective of this study was to understand how organizational knowledge governance mechanisms affect individual motivation, opportunity, and the ability to share knowledge (MOA framework), and further, how individual knowledge-sharing conditions affect actual knowledge sharing behaviour. The study followed the knowledge governance approach and a micro-foundations perspective to develop a theoretical model and hypotheses, which could explain the casual relationships between knowledge governance mechanisms, individual knowledge sharing conditions, and individual knowledge sharing behaviour. The quantitative research strategy and multivariate data analysis techniques (SEM) were used in the hypotheses testing with a survey dataset of 256 employees from eleven military schools of Finnish Defence Forces (FDF). The results showed that “performance-based feedback and rewards” affects employee’s “intrinsic motivation towards knowledge sharing”, that “lateral coordination” affects employee’s “knowledge self-efficacy”, and that ”training and development” is positively related to “time availability” for knowledge sharing but affects negatively employee’s knowledge self-efficacy. Individual motivation and knowledge self-efficacy towards knowledge sharing affected knowledge sharing behaviour when work-related knowledge was shared 1) between employees in a department and 2) between employees in different departments, however these factors did not play a crucial role in subordinate–superior knowledge sharing. The findings suggest that individual motivation, opportunity, and the ability towards knowledge sharing affects individual knowledge sharing behaviour differently in different knowledge sharing situations. Furthermore, knowledge governance mechanisms can be used to manage individual-level knowledge sharing conditions and individual knowledge sharing behaviour but their affect also vary in different knowledge sharing situations.