Kunnossapito-ohjelman rakentaminen RCM - menetelm��n avulla

Ty��n tarkoituksena oli luoda UPM Kaukaan sellutehtaan kaustisointi- ja meesauunialueelle kunnossapito-ohjelma, RCM eli luotettavuuskeskeinen kunnossapitomenetelm���� k��ytt��en. Tavoitteena oli luoda ennakkohuolto-ohjelma, joka pohjautuu laitekriittisyyksiin sek�� optimoida kohdealueen laitteiden varaosien varastointia. Perustaksi ty��lle luotiin uusi kriittisyysluokittelumalli, joka perustuu PSK 6800 standardiin. Tarvittavien ennakkohuoltotoimenpiteiden m����ritt��misen apuna k��ytettiin toimenpiteiden m����ritysmatriisia. Varaosavaraston optimointia varten luotiin varaosien varastointitarpeen m����ritysmatriisi. Prosessin suorittamisessa korostui laaja ja osaava projektiryhm��, jonka avulla asioiden l��pik��ynniss�� oli tarvittavat tiedot saatavilla. Projektiryhm��ss�� oli mukana sek�� kunnossapidon ett�� k��yt��n henkil��it��. Kunnossapito-ohjelmasta muodostui eritt��in kattava. Seisokkia vaativat toimenpiteet ovat aikataulutettu siten, ett�� niit�� suoritetaan tasaisesti vuoden aikana. Uusien huoltorivien ansiosta alueen kunnossapito selkeytyy paljon.

A new climatic periodisation of the Gold and Guinea Coasts in West Africa, 1750-1798 : a reconstruction of the climate during the slave trade era, including an analysis of the climatically facilitated Trans-Atlantic slave trade

Avsikten med studien ��r att producera den f��rsta rekonstruktionen av det v��stafrikanska klimatet mellan 1750 och 1798. Kunskapen om det v��stafrikanska klimatet f��re 1800-talet ��r till dags dato bristf��llig, vilket g��r det sv��rare att f��rst�� framtida klimatvariationer. Det ��r bristen p�� instrumentell meteorologisk data (temperatur, regnm��ngd, och lufttryck), vilket i princip bara t��cker det senaste ��rhundradet, som ��r orsaken till att tidigare klimat ��r bristf��lligt kartlagda. Klimatet och milj��n ��r ��ven s��dana att proxydata fr��n ���naturens arkiv��� (s��som t.ex. tr��dringar) har begr��nsad anv��ndning. S��ledes ��r historiska dokument, fr��mst fr��n g��stande kulturer/nationer/intressenter, inneh��llande deskriptiv information om v��dret och klimatet, klimatforskarens viktigaste k��lla. Genom att anv��nda tidigare, f��r det h��r syftet, oanv��nda k��llor p��visade den h��r unders��kningen att klimatet i v��stra Afrika och Guldkusten (Ghana) har ��ndrats sedan 1700-talet. Monsunregnen var svagare och kortvarigare, speciellt den sekund��ra regnperioden under h��sten var betydligt svagare ��n idag. Det f��rekom kraftiga ��rliga variationer i monsunregnen, men sett ur l��ngre tidsperspektiv utm��rktes torrare och bl��tare perioder. Studien kunde ocks�� visa en viss korrelation mellan det globala v��derfenomenet El Ni��o och regnperiodens intensitet l��ngs med kusten. Flera torrperioder sammanf��ll med tidigare registrerade El Ni��o sekvenser. Speciellt slutet av 1760-talet p��verkades kraftigt av El Ni��o och ��ven det globala klimatet verkar ha genomg��tt graftiga f��r��ndringar just dessa ��r. P�� basis av den nya klimatrekonstruktionen genomf��rdes ocks�� en j��mf��relse av klimatets inverkan p�� den transatlantiska slavhandeln fr��n 1750 till 1798, en fr��ga som historikerna gjort anspelningar p�� i ��ver 30 ��r. Utf��rseln av slavar fr��n v��stra Afrika var som kraftigast under 1700-talets andra h��lft. Analysen visade att slavhandeln delvis tilltog i samband med klimatanomalierna.

Efficient Optimization Algorithms for Nonlinear Data Analysis

Identification of low-dimensional structures and main sources of variation from multivariate data are fundamental tasks in data analysis. Many methods aimed at these tasks involve solution of an optimization problem. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to develop computationally efficient and theoretically justified methods for solving such problems. Most of the thesis is based on a statistical model, where ridges of the density estimated from the data are considered as relevant features. Finding ridges, that are generalized maxima, necessitates development of advanced optimization methods. An efficient and convergent trust region Newton method for projecting a point onto a ridge of the underlying density is developed for this purpose. The method is utilized in a differential equation-based approach for tracing ridges and computing projection coordinates along them. The density estimation is done nonparametrically by using Gaussian kernels. This allows application of ridge-based methods with only mild assumptions on the underlying structure of the data. The statistical model and the ridge finding methods are adapted to two different applications. The first one is extraction of curvilinear structures from noisy data mixed with background clutter. The second one is a novel nonlinear generalization of principal component analysis (PCA) and its extension to time series data. The methods have a wide range of potential applications, where most of the earlier approaches are inadequate. Examples include identification of faults from seismic data and identification of filaments from cosmological data. Applicability of the nonlinear PCA to climate analysis and reconstruction of periodic patterns from noisy time series data are also demonstrated. Other contributions of the thesis include development of an efficient semidefinite optimization method for embedding graphs into the Euclidean space. The method produces structure-preserving embeddings that maximize interpoint distances. It is primarily developed for dimensionality reduction, but has also potential applications in graph theory and various areas of physics, chemistry and engineering. Asymptotic behaviour of ridges and maxima of Gaussian kernel densities is also investigated when the kernel bandwidth approaches infinity. The results are applied to the nonlinear PCA and to finding significant maxima of such densities, which is a typical problem in visual object tracking.

Building climate justice : an analysis of how the nexus between climate change and human rights shapes public policy agendas and alternatives

This thesis provides an analysis of how the nexus between climate change and human rights shapes public policy agendas and alternatives. It draws upon seminal work conducted by John Kingdon, whose landmark publication ���Agendas, alternatives, and public policy��� described how separate streams of problems, solutions, and politics converge to move an issue onto the public policy agenda toward potential government action. Building on Kingdon���s framework, this research explores how human rights contribute to surfacing the problem of climate change; developing alternative approaches to tackling climate change; and improving the political environment necessary for addressing climate change with sufficient ambition. The study reveals that climate change undermines the realization of human rights and that human rights can be effective tools in building climate resilience. This analysis was developed using a mixed methods approach and drawing upon substantial literature review, the researcher���s own participation in international climate policy design; elite interviews with thought leaders dealing with climate change and human rights; and regular inputs from focus groups comprised of practitioners drawn from the fields of climate change, development and human rights. This is a journal based thesis with a total of six articles submitted for evaluation, published in peer���reviewed publications, over a five year period. Denna avhandling analyserar hur klimatfr��gan och m��nskliga r��ttigheter i samverkan formar den politiska agendan och det politiskt m��jliga. Den bygger p�� banbrytande forskning av John Kingdon, vars publikation ���Agendas, alternatives, and public policy��� beskriver hur en fr��ga blir politiskt viktig och lyfts upp p�� den politiska agendan. Med utg��ngspunkt i Kingdons ramverk, utforskar avhandlingen hur m��nskliga r��ttigheter bidrar till att blottl��gga klimatfr��gan som problem; utveckla alternativa metoder f��r att angripa och hantera klimatfr��gan; samt skapa ett politiskt klimat n��dv��ndigt f��r att p�� ett ambiti��st s��tt kunna angripa klimatfr��gan. Studien visar att klimatf��r��ndringar undergr��ver m��nskliga r��ttigheterna men att arbete med m��nskliga r��ttigheter kan vara ett effektivt verktyg f��r att st�� emot och hantera effekterna av klimatf��r��ndringar. Analysen har genomf��rts med hj��lp av en rad olika metoder vilka inkluderar litteraturstudier, f��rfattarens egna observationer under klimatf��rhandlingar; intervjuer med ledande t��nkare inom klimatfr��gan och m��nskliga r��ttigheter; samt data insamlad genom fokusgrupper best��ende av yrkesverksamma inom klimat, utveckling och m��nskliga r��ttigheter. Avhandlingen ��r baserad p�� totalt sex artiklar som publicerats i fackgranskade tidskrifter under en fem��rsperiod.