Överingenjör K. J. Tolonen 9.11.1957 Väg- och vattenbyggnadsstyrelsen

Kirje

Viljan luovutusvelvollisuus

Puhe

Epidemiological studies of childhood and adolescence headache

The main purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of headache in childhood and adolescence. In addition, the predictors of the change in the occurrence of childhood headache and the association between adolescent headache and behavior were studied. The occurrence and characteristics of headache were investigated as part of a prospective follow-up study, where 6-year-old children and their families (n=1132) were followed to the age of 12-years (n=1126). The study design entailed both a cohort and case-control group. The incidence of headache and the association between headache and behavior were studied in another cohort, consisting of 11-year-old twins (n=5393), who were followed to the age of 17 (n=4159). The prevalence rates of headache increased during the follow-up, especially in boys whose mothers suffered from frequent headache. The incidence rates of frequent headache changed the most in girls between ages of 11 and 14. Early-onset migraine and tension-type headache were equal predictors of migraine at age 12. The age-related changes observed in pain localization, concurrent symptoms and triggers were considerable. Headache frequency was significantly associated with externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and adaptive behaviors as rated by parents, but only with externalizing problem behaviors as rated by teachers. Headache both in children and adolescents is characterized by its changing nature. Its prevention and treatment should take familial, environmental and psychosocial aspects into account.

De genuino juris naturalis principio

Invocatio: D.D.

Om rå-pottaske tilwärkningens uphjelpande i Finland

Invocatio: M.G.H.

Tiedotustutkimus

Tiedotustutkimuksen pääkokoelma sijaitsee pääkirjastossa (Linnassa), jossa painettu yleis- ja käsikirjastokokoelma koostuu lähes 5000 nimekkeestä monografioita (painettujen monografiasarjojen osat mukaan lukien). Monografiakokoelmasta kartoitettiin neljä osa-aluetta. Joukkoviestinnän teoriaa, metodologiaa ja vaikutuksia käsitteli 44 % kirjoista (2195 nimekettä), joten se oli selvin painopisteala. Radiota ja televisiota käsitteli 28 % (1383 nimekettä); lehdistöä 24 % (1198 nimekettä) sekä journalismia, uutisia ja toimitustyötä 22 % kirjoista (1088 nimekettä). Käsikirjaston noin 95 nimekkeen kokoelma sisälsi bibliografioita (58 nimekettä), sanastoja, sanakirjoja ja hakuteoksia. Painettuja lehtiä oli 13 nimekettä (Africa media review, Critical Studies in Television, Javnost - The Public, Journal of media business studies, Journalisti, Lähikuva, Media & viestintä, Medienwissenschaft : Rezensionen, Nordicom information, Suomen lehdistö, Utain, Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 10, Zurnalistika, Zurnalist). Sähkökirjoja kokoelmassa oli yhteensä 499 nimekettä: 462 nimekettä Ebrary–tietokannassa,13 nimekettä NetLibrary -tietokannassa ja 24 viestinnän käsikirjaa Nellin E-käsikirjastossa. Verkkolehtiä kokoelmassa oli yhteensä 100. Tietokantoja oli 10, joista kokotekstilehtiä EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete, SAGE Journals Online (Premier), ScienceDirect (Elsevier) ja viitetietokantoja Aikakauslehtitutkimuksen tietokanta, CIOS ComAbstracts, CIOS Open Journals Index, Ncom – Database on Nordic Media and Communication Research, Ncom: Nordic Media Research Publications ja PAIS International.

Lipase and omega-transaminase catalysis in preparation of alcohol and amine enantiomers

Enantiopure intermediates are of high value in drug synthesis. Biocatalysis alone or combined with chemical synthesis provides powerful tools to access enantiopure compounds. In biocatalysis, chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity of enzymes are combined with their inherent environmentally benign nature. Enzymes can be applied in versatile chemical reactions with non-natural substrates under synthesis conditions. Immobilization of an enzyme is a crucial part of an efficient biocatalytic synthesis method. Successful immobilization enhances the catalytic performance of an enzyme and enables its reuse in successive reactions. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of biocatalysis in the preparation of enantiopure secondary alcohols and primary amines. Viability and synthetic usability of the studied biocatalytic methods have been addressed throughout this thesis. Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) catalyzed enantioselective O-acylation of racemic secondary alcohols was successfully incorporated with in situ racemization in the dynamic kinetic resolution, affording the (R)-esters in high yields and enantiopurities. Side reactions causing decrease in yield and enantiopurity were suppressed. CAL-B was also utilized in the solvent-free kinetic resolution of racemic primary amines. This method produced the enantiomers as (R)-amides and (S)-amines under ambient conditions. An in-house sol-gel entrapment increased the reusability of CAL-B. Arthrobacter sp. omega-transaminase was entrapped in sol-gel matrices to obtain a reusable catalyst for the preparation enantiopure primary amines in an aqueous medium. The obtained heterogeneous omega-transaminase catalyst enabled the enantiomeric enrichment of the racemic amines to their (S)-enantiomers. The synthetic usability of the sol-gel catalyst was demonstrated in five successive preparative kinetic resolutions.

Genetics of inherited small vessel diseases – in search of a novel small vessel disease and modifiers of the clinical course of CADASIL

The genetic and environmental risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment are still largely unknown. This thesis aimed to assess the genetic background of two clinically similar familial small vessel diseases (SVD), CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) and Swedish hMID (hereditary multi-infarct dementia of Swedish type). In the first study, selected genetic modifiers of CADASIL were studied in a homogenous Finnish CADASIL population of 134 patients, all carrying the p.Arg133Cys mutation in NOTCH3. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, angiotensinogen (AGT) p.Met268Thr polymorphism and eight NOTCH3 polymorphisms were studied, but no associations between any particular genetic variant and first-ever stroke or migraine were seen. In the second study, smoking, statin medication and physical activity were suggested to be the most profound environmental differences among the monozygotic twins with CADASIL. Swedish hMID was for long misdiagnosed as CADASIL. In the third study, the CADASIL diagnosis in the Swedish hMID family was ruled out on the basis of genetic, radiological and pathological findings, and Swedish hMID was suggested to represent a novel SVD. In the fourth study, the gene defect of Swedish hMID was then sought using whole exome sequencing paired with a linkage analysis. The strongest candidate for the pathogenic mutation was a 3’UTR variant in the COL4A1 gene, but further studies are needed to confirm its functionality. This study provided new information about the genetic background of two inherited SVDs. Profound knowledge about the pathogenic mutations causing familial SVD is also important for correct diagnosis and treatment options.