13 resultados para Authority record
em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland
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Abstract
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This research establishes the primary components, predictors, and consequences of organizational commitment in the military context. Specifically, the research examines commitment to the military service among Finnish conscripts and whether initial affective commitment prior to service predicts later commitment, attitudes, behavior, and performance, and, furthermore, analyzes the changes in commitment and its possible outcomes. The data were collected from records as well as by surveys from 1,387 rank and file soldiers, immediately after they reported for duty, near the end of basic training, and near the end of 6 to 12 months of service. The data covered a wide array of predictor variables, including background items, attitudes toward conscription, mental and physical health, sociability, training quality, and leadership. Moreover, the archival data included such items as rank, criminal record, performance ratings, and the number of medical examines and exemptions. The measures were further refined based on the results of factor analysis and reliability tests. The results indicated that initial commitment significantly corresponded with expected adjustment, intentions to stay in the military, and acceptance of authority. Moreover, initial commitment moderately related to personal growth, perceived performance, and the number of effective service days at the end of service. During basic training, affective commitment was mostly influenced by challenging training, adjustment experiences, regimentation, and unit climate. At the end of service, committed soldiers demonstrated more personal growth and development in service, had higher-level expected performance, and less malingering during their service. Additionally, they had significantly more positive attitudes toward national defense. The results suggest that affective commitment requires adequate personal adjustment, experiences of personal growth and development, and satisfaction with unit dynamics and training. This research contributes to the theoretical discussion on organizational commitment and the will to defend the nation and advances developing models to support and manage conscript training, education, leadership, and personnel policy. This is achieved by determining the main factors and variables, including their relative strength, that affect commitment to the military service. These findings may also facilitate in designing programs aimed at reducing unwanted discharges and inadequate performance. In particular, these results provide tools for improving conscripts overall attachment to and identification with the military service.
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kuv., 14 x 21 cm
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kuv., 12 x 18 cm
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kuv., 11 x 18 cm
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Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014
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Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014
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I den frsta delen av den hr avhandlingen presenteras en bildens genealogi. Den skildrar hur begreppen fr bilden, seendet och jaget utvecklades i relation till varandra i en specifik vetenskaplig och filosofisk kontext. Berttelsen strcker sig frn den tidiga renssansen och det perspektivistiska mleriet, till fotografiets fdelse och positivismen. Den hr utvecklingen medfrde en form av reduktionism i vilken jagets roll betydelsen av den mnskliga psykologin, vrt omdme, vr uppmrksamhet och vr vilja blev frbisedd. Inom den hr tanketraditionen uppstod en frskjutning, frn en frstelse av bilden som en representation av det tredimensionella rummet p en tvdimensionell yta, till en uppfattning om bilden som en genomskinlig ruta, ett fnster ut mot vrlden. Idn om avbildningen som en neutral blick frn ingenstans kom att frstrka en skeptisk hllning till kommunikation, dialog och vittnesml och drmed ven undergrva vr tillit till varandra och fljaktligen vr tillit till oss sjlva. I den andra delen erbjuder frfattaren ett alternativ till den tanketradition som behandlas i den frsta delen. Det som blev frbisett i uppfattningen om en blick frn ingenstans var att bilden r ett hjlpmedel d vi bearbetar vrt synflt. Bilden hjlper oss att dela vr syn p saker. Genom den hr uppgiften av att dela blir bilden riktningsgivande i vra frsk att orientera oss i vrlden. Jag kan st bredvid en annan mnniska och se vad hon ser, men jag vet inte ndvndigtvis hur hon uppfattar det vi ser. Bilden lgger till ett led i det hr frhllandet eftersom den inte enbart visar vad den andra ser. Nr bilden fungerar som den skall visar den ocks hur den andra ser och p det hr sttet blir bilden verksam. Den freliggande avhandlingen kombinerar epistemologi med vetenskapshistoria och visuella kulturstudier, men dess huvudintresse r filosofiskt. Den befattar sig med filosofiska missfrstnd angende avbildning som en mimetisk konstform, kunskap som domesticering och varseblivning som mottagning av data. ------------------------------------------------------ Tmn vitskirjan ensimminen osa selvitt kuvaksitteen genealogiaa. Se havainnollistaa miten kuvan, nkemisen ja minn ksitteet kehittyivt suhteessa toisiinsa. Kertomus ulottuu varhaisesta renessanssista ja perspektivistisest maalaustaiteesta, positivismin aikakauteen ja valokuvan syntyyn. Tm kehitys toi mukanaan reduktionismin jossa minn rooli ihmisen psykologian merkitys, meidn arviointikyky, meidn huomiokyky sek meidn tahtomme vaipui unohduksiin. Ajatusmaailmassa tapahtui siirtym, kuvan merkitys vaihtui ksityksest jossa se on kolmiulotteisen tilan representaatio kaksiulotteisella pinnalla, ksitykseen jossa kuva on lpinkyv ruutu, ikkuna kohti maailmaa. Ajatus kuvasta neutraalin nkkulman kantajana vahvisti skeptist suhtautumista kommunikaatiota, dialogisuutta ja subjektiivisuutta kohtaan. Tm skeptisyys ilmentyi mys vahvana epluottamuksena ihmiskeskeisyytt ja toiseutta kohtaan. Toisessa osassa tekij tarjoaa vaihtoehdon tlle skeptiselle ajatusmaailmalle jota tarkastellaan ensimmisess osassa. Kuva on mys vline joka auttaa meit jsentmn meidn nkkenttmme. Se auttaa meit jakamaan meidn ksityksi toistemme kanssa. Tm nkemisen jakamisen kytnt on kuvan keskeinen tehtv. Voin seist toisen ihmisen vieress ja nhd samat asiat kuin hn, mutta en vlttmtt ymmrr miten hn nkee nm asiat. Kuva lis jotain olennaista thn suhteeseen. Kun kuva toimii niin kun sen kuuluu toimia, se nytt mys miten toinen nkee, tll tavalla kuvasta tulee vlittj. Tm vitskirja yhdist epistemologiaa, tieteen historiaa ja visuaalisen kulttuurin tutkimusta, mutta sen pasiallinen tavoite on filosofinen. Se ksittelee filosofisia vrinksityksi koskien kuvan eideettisyytt.
