184 resultados para 839
em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland
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Puhe
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Kirje 12.12.1974
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The extravasation of leukocytes from the blood stream into the tissues is a prerequisite for adequate immune surveillance and immune reaction. The leukocyte movement from the bloodstream into the tissues is mediated by molecular bonds. The bonds are formed between adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and their counterparts expressed on leukocytes. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial adhesion molecule mediating leukocyte interactions with endothelium. It is also an enzyme having semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity. The SSAOactivity catalyses deamination of primary amines into corresponding aldehyde and during the enzymatic reaction hydrogen peroxide and ammonia are produced. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the adhesive and enzymatic activities of VAP-1. The role of VAP-1 in leukocyte traffic was studied in vivo under normal and pathological conditions in VAP-1 deficient mice. The results from in vitro flow-based assays indicated that VAP-1 uses both SSAOactivity and its adhesive epitope to bind leukocytes, and both are perquisites for VAP-1 mediated adhesion. Furthermore, in vivo results demonstrated that leukocyte trafficking was impaired in vivo by deleting VAP-1 or inhibiting SSAO-activity. There was impairment in lymphocyte recirculation as well as leukocyte accumulation into the inflamed area. Moreover, the VAP-1 deficient mice did not show generalized defects in antimicrobial responses, whereas significant reduction in tumor progression and neovascularization was observed. These results indicate that VAP-1 could be used as a target in anti-adhesive therapies either by blocking its adhesive epitope with antibodies or by inhibiting its SSAO-activity using inhibitors. Moreover, targeting of VAP-1 may provide a new way of inhibiting neovascularization in tumors.
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The focus of this dissertation is to develop finite elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation is a nonlinear finite element formulation, which is introduced for special requirements in the field of flexible multibody dynamics. In this formulation, a special definition for the rotation of elements is employed to ensure the formulation will not suffer from singularities due to large rotations. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation can be used for analyzing the dynamics of beam, plate and shell type structures. The improvements of the formulation are mainly concentrated towards the description of transverse shear deformation. Additionally, the formulation is verified by using conventional iso-parametric solid finite element and geometrically exact beam theory. Previous claims about especially high eigenfrequencies are studied by introducing beam elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation in the framework of the large rotation vector approach. Additionally, the same high eigenfrequency problem is studied by using constraints for transverse deformation. It was determined that the improvements for shear deformation in the transverse direction lead to clear improvements in computational efficiency. This was especially true when comparative stress must be defined, for example when using elasto-plastic material. Furthermore, the developed plate element can be used to avoid certain numerical problems, such as shear and curvature lockings. In addition, it was shown that when compared to conventional solid elements, or elements based on nonlinear beam theory, elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation do not lead to an especially stiff system for the equations of motion.
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Painovuosi nimekkeestä.
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Soitinnus: piano.
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Svunna tiders öppna strandområden är numera en sällsynt syn. Betesdjur håller inte längre nere vegetationen vid stränderna, och man slår inte växter som vinterfoder till boskapen. Täta vassruggar har lagt beslag på tidigare betesmarker och man försöker bekämpa den allt mer avlägsna strandlinjen genom muddring. Områden med fritidsbostäder kännetecknas på sina ställen av spikraka grävda farleder för båtar och mellan dem öar av deponeringsmassa bevuxna med vass och björk. Många fåglar som tidigare var mycket vanliga på öppna strandängar har försvunnit, eftersom bara ett fåtal vassfåglar trivs i hög vass. Naturen och landskapet vid Finlands stränder behöver omfattande skötsel för att trenden ska kunna vändas. Näringsflödet till vattendragen måste förhindras och man måste öka avlägsnandet av näringsämnen – såsom skörd av vassruggar. Igenväxta strandområden bör restaureras till strandängar antingen genom slåtter eller bete. Vid muddring av strandområden bör alla följa samma regler, så att strandlandskapet hålls öppet och behåller sin skönhet. Den här guiden tar upp strandskötsel på ett mångsidigt sätt och ger praktiska tips om de lämpligaste skötselmetoderna. Vi bör värna om Finlands strandlandskap – tillsammans.
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Aftryck ur: Catilinariska bref, andra fyndet.