Piuha : Pilaantuneiden teollisuusalueiden uudelleenkäyttöönottohanke

Kaupunkien laajentuminen on lisännyt keskeisillä alueilla sijaitsevien pilaantuneiden teollisuusalueiden käyttöönottopaineita. Teollisuusalueiden uudelleenkäytön suunnittelu on usein toteutettu puutteellisin tiedoin, eikä pilaantuneen maan aiheuttamia ympäristöön kohdistuvia ja taloudellisia riskejä ole huomioitu riittävästi. Maanrakennusvaiheessa on todettu odottamattomia pilaantuneen maan kunnostustarpeita, jolloin on jouduttu tekemään nopeita ja kalliita kunnostusratkaisuja. Hämeen ELY-keskus käynnisti syksyllä 2008 PIUHA-hankkeen (PIUHA = pilaantuneiden teollisuusalueiden uudelleenkäyttöhanke). Hankkeen idea syntyi vuonna 2007, kun valtioneuvoston asetus maaperän pilaantuneisuuden ja puhdistustarpeen arvioinnista (214/2007) tuli voimaan. PIUHAssa selvitettiin saadaanko riskinarvion ja kaavoituksen ennakoivalla yhteistyöllä vähennettyä alueelta poiskaivettavien pilaantuneiden maiden määrää ja sitä kautta saavuttaa kustannussäästöjä pilaantuneiden maiden käsittelyssä. PIUHA tehtiin yhteistyössä Lahden, Hämeenlinnan ja Porvoon kaupunkien kanssa. Lisäksi hankkeeseen osallistuivat Tradeka ja Ramboll Finland Oy. Yhteistyökaupungit valitsivat alueet, joille tehtiin mm. maaperän pilaantuneisuustutkimuksia, riskinarviot ja PIMA-rakennettavuusselvitykset. Alueiden suunnittelua kehitettiin maankäytön, ympäristö- ja rakennustekniikan alojen asiantuntijoiden välisenä yhteistyönä. PIUHAn johtopäätöksenä suunniteltiin toimintamalli, jota kuvataan etenemiskaaviolla. Eri tahojen yhteistyö jokaisessa vaiheessa ja alueen kokonaisvaltainen suunnittelu ovat avainasemassa onnistuneeseen, kustannustehokkaaseen ja ympäristön kannalta parhaaseen mahdolliseen lopputulokseen pääsemisessä. Riskinarvioon perustuen maaperään voidaan sallia jätettävän haitta-ainepitoisia maita (PIMA-maita). Maiden tulee olla hallittavissa ja tietojen merkittynä rekisteröinti- ja tiedonhallintajärjestelmään. Rekisteröinti- ja tiedonhallintajärjestelmän on tavoitettava kaikki tahot, jotka tekevät päätöksiä ja suunnitelmia maaperän käytöstä ja kaivusta, kuten rakennustarkastaja, kiinteistörekisteri, energialaitos sekä vesi- ja viemärilaitos. PIMA-maiden valvonta ja seuranta on hallitumpaa ja suunnitelmallisempaa, mikäli haitta-ainepitoiset maat kootaan alueittain yhteen ja hyötykäytetään korvaamaan neitseellisiä maita rakenteena (esim. meluvalli, parkkialue tai maisemamäki). Kunnostustavoitteesta päätettäessä tulee kiinteistönomistajan pohtia pitkäaikaisvaikutukset ja vastuut, kuten maankäytön muutoksen tai kiinteistökaupan vaikutukset.

Long-term nutrient load management and lake restoration: Case of Säkylän Pyhäjärvi (SW Finland)

Eutrophication caused by anthropogenic nutrient pollution has become one of the most severe threats to water bodies. Nutrients enter water bodies from atmospheric precipitation, industrial and domestic wastewaters and surface runoff from agricultural and forest areas. As point pollution has been significantly reduced in developed countries in recent decades, agricultural non-point sources have been increasingly identified as the largest source of nutrient loading in water bodies. In this study, Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi and its catchment are studied as an example of a long-term, voluntary-based, co-operative model of lake and catchment management. Lake Pyhäjärvi is located in the centre of an intensive agricultural area in southwestern Finland. More than 20 professional fishermen operate in the lake area, and the lake is used as a drinking water source and for various recreational activities. Lake Pyhäjärvi is a good example of a large and shallow lake that suffers from eutrophication and is subject to measures to improve this undesired state under changing conditions. Climate change is one of the most important challenges faced by Lake Pyhäjärvi and other water bodies. The results show that climatic variation affects the amounts of runoff and nutrient loading and their timing during the year. The findings from the study area concerning warm winters and their influences on nutrient loading are in accordance with the IPCC scenarios of future climate change. In addition to nutrient reduction measures, the restoration of food chains (biomanipulation) is a key method in water quality management. The food-web structure in Lake Pyhäjärvi has, however, become disturbed due to mild winters, short ice cover and low fish catch. Ice cover that enables winter seining is extremely important to the water quality and ecosystem of Lake Pyhäjärvi, as the vendace stock is one of the key factors affecting the food web and the state of the lake. New methods for the reduction of nutrient loading and the treatment of runoff waters from agriculture, such as sand filters, were tested in field conditions. The results confirm that the filter technique is an applicable method for nutrient reduction, but further development is needed. The ability of sand filters to absorb nutrients can be improved with nutrient binding compounds, such as lime. Long-term hydrological, chemical and biological research and monitoring data on Lake Pyhäjärvi and its catchment provide a basis for water protection measures and improve our understanding of the complicated physical, chemical and biological interactions between the terrestrial and aquatic realms. In addition to measurements carried out in field conditions, Lake Pyhäjärvi and its catchment were studied using various modelling methods. In the calibration and validation of models, long-term and wide-ranging time series data proved to be valuable. Collaboration between researchers, modellers and local water managers further improves the reliability and usefulness of models. Lake Pyhäjärvi and its catchment can also be regarded as a good research laboratory from the point of view of the Baltic Sea. The main problem in both of them is eutrophication caused by excess nutrients, and nutrient loading has to be reduced – especially from agriculture. Mitigation measures are also similar in both cases.

Creating an open-books implementation framework for a maintenance-related value-based life-cycle model

This study is a qualitative action research by its nature with elements of personal design in the form of a tangible model implementation framework construction. Utilized empirical data has been gathered via two questionnaires in relation to the arranged four workshop events with twelve individual participants. Five of them represented maintenance customers, three maintenance service providers and four equipment providers respectively. Further, there are two main research objectives in proportion to the two complementary focusing areas of this thesis. Firstly, the value-based life-cycle model, which first version has already been developed prior to this thesis, requires updating in order to increase its real-life applicability as an inter-firm decision-making tool in industrial maintenance. This first research objective is fulfilled by improving appearance, intelligibility and usability of the above-mentioned model. In addition, certain new features are also added. The workshop participants from the collaborating companies were reasonably pleased with made changes, although further attention will be required in future on the model’s intelligibility in particular as main results, charts and values were all reckoned as slightly hard to understand. Moreover, upgraded model’s appearance and added new features satisfied them the most. Secondly and more importantly, the premises of the model’s possible inter-firm implementation process need to be considered. This second research objective is delivered in two consecutive steps. At first, a bipartite open-books supported implementation framework is created and its different characteristics discussed in theory. Afterwards, the prerequisites and the pitfalls of increasing inter-organizational information transparency are studied in empirical context. One of the main findings was that the organizations are not yet prepared for network-wide information disclosure as dyadic collaboration was favored instead. However, they would be willing to share information bilaterally at least. Another major result was that the present state of companies’ cost accounting systems will definitely need implementation-wise enhancing in future since accurate and sufficiently detailed maintenance data is not available. Further, it will also be crucial to create supporting and mutually agreed network infrastructure. There are hardly any collaborative models, methods or tools currently in usage. Lastly, the essential questions about mutual trust and predominant purchasing strategies are cooperation-wise important. If inter-organizational activities are expanded, a more relational approach should be favored in this regard. Mutual trust was also recognized as a significant cooperation factor, but it is hard to measure in reality.

Artificial Ribonucleases: Oligonucleotides Conjugated with Metal Ion Chelates of Azacrowns

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has many biological roles in cells: it takes part in coding, decoding, regulating and expressing of the genes as well as has the capacity to work as a catalyst in numerous biological reactions. These qualities make RNA an interesting object of various studies. Development of useful tools with which to investigate RNA is a prerequisite for more advanced research in the field. One of such tools may be the artificial ribonucleases, which are oligonucleotide conjugates that sequence-selectively cleave complementary RNA targets. This thesis is aimed at developing new efficient metal-ion-based artificial ribonucleases. On one hand, to solve the challenges related to solid-supported synthesis of metal-ion-binding conjugates of oligonucleotides, and on the other hand, to quantify their ability to cleave various oligoribonucleotide targets in a pre-designed sequence selective manner. In this study several artificial ribonucleases based on cleaving capability of metal ion chelated azacrown moiety were designed and synthesized successfully. The most efficient ribonucleases were the ones with two azacrowns close to the 3´- end of the oligonucleotide strand. Different transition metal ions were introduced into the azacrown moiety and among them, the Zn2+ ion was found to be better than Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions.

Tulta päin! : tutkimuskohteena palomiehen työ, yhteisö ja identiteetti

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Kulttuuriympäristö kunniaan : Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristöohjelma 2014-2020

Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristöohjelman tavoitteena on antaa kokonaisnäkemys Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristön - rakennetun kulttuuriympäristön, kulttuurimaiseman ja muinaisjäännösten - tilasta, antaa tietoperusta ja luoda yhteiset toimintalinjat kulttuuriympäristön vaalimistyölle maakunnassa. Ohjelmassa linjataan tavoitteet ja toimenpiteet vuosille 2014-2020. Ohjelman laatimisessa on ollut mukana ohjaavana tahona ja osin kirjoittajina Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristöyhteistyöryhmä.

Perusteellinen tutkimus 1920-luvun autoilusta ja sukupuolesta

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