Managing business risk relating to pending patent applications – A comparison U.S. and European practices

This thesis presents different IPR risk mitigation actions as well as enforcement practices and evaluates their usability in different situations. The focus is on pending patent applications, where the right is not officially recognized or established yet, but some references are made to granted patents as well. The thesis presents the different aspects when assessing the risk level created by patents and pending applications. At all times it compares the patent law of the United States and European Patent Convention. Occasionally some references are made to national law, when the European Patent Convention cannot be applied. The thesis presents two case examples, which bring the risk mitigation actions and enforcement practices closer to practice.

Fe y esperanza : women's road to leadership and ministry in the Lutheran church of El Salvador 1952-2009

The Lutheran Church of El Salvador made a decision, in 1986, to open the ministry to women. How was it possible in the midst of a Latin American macho culture and after having been influenced by the theologically conservative, North American mission work? This research examines the kinds of internal and external factors which led women to leadership and ministry, and the context in which this development occurred. The roles of women have been scrutinised during several time periods. During 1952-1974 the focus was on women as missionary wives and fundadoras (founding mothers). Women’s roles as laywomen grew in 1975-1985. After the outburst of the civil war in 1980, women advanced to lay leaders. The ministry was opened for women and the first deacon pastors were installed in 1986 and the first presbyter pastors were ordained in 1994. In 2009, more women than ever were working in different levels – from laywomen to leaders – in the Lutheran Church of El Salvador. The research shows that the reasons for the development and changes concerning women’s positions and roles lie in the impact of significant individuals, liberation theology, the feminist and women’s movement, civil war and the theology of life.

Trio d-moll f. 2 Flöten u. bez. Baß, BWV 1036

Soitinnus: huilut (2), continuo (cembalo, viola da gamba).

Inane : Monolog für Sopran u. Orchester

Soitinnus: lauluääni (sopraano), orkesteri.

Stars and Strings für Jazzensemble u. Streichorchester

Soitinnus: jazzyhtye, jousiorkesteri.

Neu und verbesserter Plan der St. u. Hafens Havana auf der Ins. Cuba : mit den Wasser Tiefen, Sandbaencken und Klippen nochmahlen über sehen

Irtokartta

Plan der fürnehmsten Finnischen Vestungen : aus Russischen u. Schwedischen Urkunden hergenommen

Irtokartta

Über die Vertheilung der Bewohner Russlands nach Ständen, in den verschiedenen Provinzen: Eingereicht den 13 (25.) Januar 1843; neu bearbeitet im November 1846

Eripainos.