Kestävä liiketoiminta kansainvälisessä sopimusvalmistuksessa: Case Nike

Tässä kandidaatintyössä esitellään kestävään kehitykseen, yritysten sosiaaliseen vastuuseen sekä sopimusvalmistukseen liittyvää teoriaa ja sovelletaan sitä tämän jälkeen case -yritys Niken toiminnan tutkimiseen ja arviointiin. Työn tavoitteena on muodostaa selkeä kuva Niken toiminnasta yritysvastuullisuuden sekä kestävän kehityksen hyväksi ja esitellä aihealueeseen liittyvä teoria sekä käsitteet. Työn avulla pyritään tekemään myös jonkinasteisia yleistyksiä suuryritysten vaikutuksista kohdealueisiin sopimusvalmistuksen yhteydessä. Työ on toteutettu osittain kirjallisuuskatsauksena ja osittain tapaustutkimuksena hyödyntäen pääasiallisesti elektronista tiedonhakua. Tutkimuksen tuloksena voidaan todeta, että Niken tämänhetkinen tilanne yritysvastuullisuuden saralla on erinomainen ja se on kestävän kehityksen alalla edelläkävijä. Nike on säilyttänyt toiminnassaan ja koko tuotantoketjussaan kestävät periaatteet sopimusvalmistuksen tuomista laajoista verkostoista ja sidosryhmäsuhteista huolimatta. Yritysten sosiaalinen vastuu sekä sopimusvalmistus ovat tuoneet Niken brändille laajamittaista arvostusta ja tätä kautta välillisesti taloudellista menestystä. Uhratuista resursseista huolimatta Nike pärjää tällä hetkellä taloudellisesti paremmin, kuin ennen vastuullisuuden sekä kestävien toimintamallien laajempaa implementaatiota. Myös tulevaisuus näyttää Niken kohdalla valoisalta.

Social media and public libraries : exploring information activities of library professionals and users

Social media has become a part of many people’s everyday lives. In the library field the adoption of social media has been widespread and discussions of the development of “Library 2.0” began at an early stage. The aim with this thesis is to study the interface between public libraries, social media, and users, focusing on information activities. The main research question is: How is the interface between public libraries and social media perceived and acted upon by its main stakeholders (library professionals and users)? The background of Library 2.0 is strongly associated with the development of the Web and social media, as well as with the public libraries and their user-centered and information technological development. The theoretical framework builds on the research within the area of Library and Information Science concerning information behavior, information practice, and information activities. Earlier research on social media and public libraries is also highlighted in this thesis. The methods survey and content analysis were applied to map the interface between social media and public libraries. A questionnaire was handed out to the users and another questionnaire was sent out to the library professionals. The results were statistically analyzed. In the content analysis public library Facebook pages were studied. All the empirical investigations were conducted in the area of Finland Proper. An integrated analysis of the results deepens the understanding of the key elements of the social media and public library context. These elements are interactivity, information activities, perceptions, and stakeholders. In this context seven information activities were distinguished: reading, seeking, creating, communicating, informing, mediating, and contributing. This thesis contributes to develop the research concerning information activities and draws a realistic picture of the challenges and opportunities in the social media and public library context. It also contributes with knowledge on library professionals and library users, and the existing differences in their perceptions of the interface between libraries and social media.

Yhteiskuntavastuun merkitys suomalaisen elintarvikeketjun toimittajavalinnassa

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan yhteiskuntavastuun merkitystä suomalaisen elintarvikeketjun toimittajavalinnassa. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpänä tavoitteena on vastata kysymykseen "Millainen merkitys yhteiskuntavastuulla on suomalaisen elintarvikeketjun toimittajavalinnassa?". Muita tavoitteita on tutkia lainsäädännnön vaikutusta elintarvikeketjujen yhteiskuntavastuukäytäntöihin, miten sidosryhmien vaatimukset vaikuttavat Keskon yhteiskuntavastuukäytäntöihin sekä kuinka Keskon yhteiskuntavastuukäytännöt vaikuttavat toimittajiensa toimintatapoihin. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osio on kerätty suomalaisen elintarvikeketjun Kesko Oyj:n vuosittaisesta yhteiskuntavastuuraportista ja kyseisen yrityksen yhteiskuntavastuun asiantuntijalle tehdystä haastattelusta.

Etelä-Savon bioenergia-alan yritysten kansainvälistymismahdollisuudet Saksan markkinoilla

Pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten kansainvälistyminen etenee tyypillisesti hyvin maltillisesti, askel-askeleelta. Kotimarkkinoiden rajalliset kasvumahdollisuudet ja kansainvälisten markkinoiden houkuttelevuus ovat tärkeimpiä syitä vientitoiminnan aloittamiselle. Nykyisessä globaalissa liiketoimintaympäristössä kilpailu on kovaa ja vaatii yrityksiltä paljon osaamista ja resursseja. Pk-yritysten rajallisia resursseja voidaan kehittää ja lisätä yritysten välisen verkostoitumisen ja ulkopuolisten toimijoiden avulla. Tämä diplomityö on toteutettu osana Cleantech Finland Bioenergy –kehitysprojektia, joka pyrkii edistämään Savon alueen bioenergia-alan yritysten kansainvälistymis-mahdollisuuksia. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kasvattaa tietoutta erilaisista kansainvälistymisstrategioista ja vientitoiminnan vaatimista toimenpiteistä. Empiirisen tutkimuksen tärkein tavoite on tukea tutkimuksessa mukana olevien pk-yritysten kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan aloittamista. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että kehittyvä bioenergia-ala ja Saksan markkinat tarjoavat pk-yrityksille kasvumahdollisuuksia. Tuloksissa painotetaan pk-yritysten oman osaamisen kehittämistä ja kykyä pitkäjänteiseen työhön. Ymmärtämällä asiakkaiden ostopäätösprosessia, voidaan omaa myynti- ja markkinointiosaamista sekä rajallisia resursseja keskittää oikeisiin asioihin.

Assessment of Young Learners’ English Proficiency in Bilingual Content Instruction CLIL

This applied linguistic study in the field of second language acquisition investigated the assessment practices of class teachers as well as the challenges and visions of language assessment in bilingual content instruction (CLIL) at primary level in Finnish basic education. Furthermore, pupils’ and their parents’ perceptions of language assessment and LangPerform computer simulations as an alternative, modern assessment method in CLIL contexts were examined. The study was conducted for descriptive and developmental purposes in three phases: 1) a CLIL assessment survey; 2) simulation 1; and 3) simulation 2. All phases had a varying number of participants. The population of this mixed methods study were CLIL class teachers, their pupils and the pupils’ parents. The sampling was multi-staged and based on probability and random sampling. The data were triangulated. Altogether 42 CLIL class teachers nationwide, 109 pupils from the 3rd, 4th and 5th grade as well as 99 parents from two research schools in South-Western Finland participated in the CLIL assessment survey followed by an audio-recorded theme interview of volunteers (10 teachers, 20 pupils and 7 parents). The simulation experimentations 1 and 2 produced 146 pupil and 39 parental questionnaires as well as video interviews of volunteered pupils. The data were analysed both quantitatively using percentages and numerical frequencies and qualitatively employing thematic content analysis. Based on the data, language assessment in primary CLIL is not an established practice. It largely appears to be infrequent, incidental, implicit and based on impressions rather than evidence or the curriculum. The most used assessment methods were teacher observation, bilingual tests and dialogic interaction, and the least used were portfolios, simulations and peer assessment. Although language assessment was generally perceived as important by teachers, a fifth of them did not gather assessment information systematically, and 38% scarcely gave linguistic feedback to pupils. Both pupils and parents wished to receive more information on CLIL language issues; 91% of pupils claimed to receive feedback rarely or occasionally, and 63% of them wished to get more information on their linguistic coping in CLIL subjects. Of the parents, 76% wished to receive more information on the English proficiency of their children and their linguistic development. This may be a response to indirect feedback practices identified in this study. There are several challenges related to assessment; the most notable is the lack of a CLIL curriculum, language objectives and common ground principles of assessment. Three diverse approaches to language in CLIL that appear to affect teachers’ views on language assessment were identified: instrumental (language as a tool), dual (language as a tool and object of learning) and eclectic (miscellaneous views, e.g. affective factors prioritised). LangPerform computer simulations seem to be perceived as an appropriate alternative assessment method in CLIL. It is strongly recommended that the fundamentals for assessment (curricula and language objectives) and a mutual assessment scheme should be determined and stakeholders’ knowledge base of CLIL strengthened. The principles of adequate assessment in primary CLIL are identified as well as several appropriate assessment methods suggested.

The third transformation of Japan: An institutional narrative on agglomeration economies in abenomics

Objective of the study The aim of this study is to understand the institutional implications in Abenomics in a spatial context, the contemporary economic reform taking place in Japan, which is to finally end over two decades of economic malaise. For theoretical perspective of choice, this study explores a synthesis of institutionalism as the main approach, complemented by economies of agglomeration in spatial economics, or New Economic Geography (NEG). The outcomes include a narrative with implications for future research, as well as possible future implications for the economy of Japan, itself. The narrative seeks to depict the dialogue between public discourse and governmental communication in order to create a picture of how this phenomenon is being socially constructed. This is done by studying the official communications by the Cabinet along with public media commentary on respective topics. The reform is studied with reference to historical socio-cultural, economic evolution of Japan, which in turn, is explored through a literature review. This is to assess the unique institutional characteristics of Japan pertinent to reform. Research method This is a social and exploratory qualitative study – an institutional narrative case study. The methodological approach was kept practical: in addition to literature review, a narrative, thematic content analysis with structural emphasis was used to construct the contemporary narrative based on the Cabinet communication. This was combined with practical analytic tools borrowed from critical discourse analysis, which were utilized to assess the implicit intertextual agenda within sources. Findings What appears to characterize the discourse is status quo bias that comes in multiple forms. The bias is also coded in the institutions surrounding the reform, wherein stakeholders have vested interests in protecting the current state of affairs. This correlates with uncertainty avoidance characteristic to Japan. Japan heeds the international criticism to deregulate on a rhetorical level, but consistent with history, the Cabinet solutions appear increasingly bureaucratic. Hence, the imposed western information-age paradigm of liberal cluster agglomeration seems ill-suited to Japan which lacks risk takers and a felicitous entrepreneur culture. The Japanese, however, possess vast innovative potential ascribed to some institutional practices and traits, but restrained by others. The derived conclusion is to study the successful intrapreneur cases in Japanese institutional setting as a potential benchmark for Japan specific cluster agglomeration, and a solution to its structural problems impeding growth.

The Islandora Digital Humanities Platform

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

“Between publication culture and funder mandates - What is the future for disciplinary repositories?”

Workshop at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

‘Just how (re)usable is Research Data? A legal perspective’ - A poster summarizing the recommendations of the OpenAIRE legal and licensing study.

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Preparing for CRIS: Challenges and Opportunities for Systems Integration at Finnish Universities

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

A rose is a rose is a rose? Defining significant properties of social science research data

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Developing sustainable research data management services: an institutional collaboration

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Päijäthämäläisten nuorten yrittäjien menestystekijät

Tämän Pro Gradu–tutkimuksen keskeisin tavoite on ollut selvittää mitkä ovat päijäthämäläisten nuorten yrittäjien menestystekijät ja löytyykö me-nestyksen takana olevista tekijöistä ja ilmiöistä yhdistäviä tekijöitä. Tut-kimus on laadullinen ja aineistonkeräystapana käytettiin teemahaastattelua. Tutkimusta varten haastateltiin päijäthämäläisiä nuoria yrittäjiä, joilla on jo näyttöä menestymisestä. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään myös miten nuori yrittäjä tunnistaa omat menestystekijänsä ja mitkä ovat nuorten yrittäjien mielestä tärkeimmät menestymisen kriteerit. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että päijäthämäläisten nuorten yrittäjien tärkeimmät menestystekijät ovat tapa, jolla yrittäjäksi on ryhdytty, sidosryhmät ja verkostot sekä kokonaisuutena yrittäjä itse. Yrittäjän itsensä muodostamasta kokonaisuudesta nousi tutkimuksessa vahvimmin esiin kolme eri osatekijää: yrittäjän persoona, yrittäjämäisyys sekä sisäinen menestymi-nen. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että yhdistäviä tekijöitä menestykselle löytyy ja että nuoret yrittäjät tunnistavat omia menestystekijöitään.

The obstacles for cross-border transmission network investments in the Nordic electricity market: Case South-West link

The Nordic electricity market is often seen as an example of how to create a working, developed and integrated electricity market. Nevertheless, this thesis studies the obstacles of transmission network investments and the market integration challenges in the Nordic electricity market. The main focus is in the Nordic Transmission system operators (TSOs), which have a key role in grid development. This study introduces a case study of cancellation of South-West link, Western part, which was seen as essential grid investment in order to improve the Nordic electricity market functioning but ended up with cancellation in 2013. This study includes semi-structured theme interviews of the experts among Nordic electricity industry stakeholders. Despite the political will to create more equal prices for electricity in the Nordic market, the differing national regulation, mixed incentives created by bottleneck income and the focus moving from Nordic integration to European integration may create challenges to the Nordic electricity market integration in the future.

Entrepreneurship Education in Basic and Upper Secondary Education – Measurement and Empirical Evidence

The starting point of this study is to direct more attention to the teacher and those entrepreneurship education practices taking place in formal school to find out solutions for more effective promotion of entrepreneurship education. For this objective, the strategy-level aims of entrepreneurship education need to be operationalised into measurable and understandable teacher-level practices. Furthermore, to enable the effective development of entrepreneurship education in basic and upper secondary level education, more knowledge is needed of the state of affairs of entrepreneurship education in teaching. The purpose of the study is to increase the level of understanding of teachers’ entrepreneurship education practices, and through this to develop entrepreneurship education. This study builds on the literature on entrepreneurship education and especially those elements referring to the aims, resources, benefits, methods, and practises of entrepreneurship education. The study comprises five articles highlighting teachers’ role in entrepreneurship education. In the first article the concept of entrepreneurship and the teachers role in reflection upon his/hers approaches to entrepreneurship education are considered. The second article provides a detailed analysis of the process of developing a measurement tool to depict the teachers’ activities in entrepreneurship education. The next three articles highlight the teachers’ role in directing the entrepreneurship education in basic and upper secondary level education. Furthermore, they analyse the relationship between the entrepreneurship education practises and the teachers’ background characteristics. The results of the study suggest a wide range of conclusions and implications. First, in spite of many outspoken aims connected to entrepreneurship education, teachers have not set any aims for themselves. Additionally, aims and results seem to mix. However, it is possible to develop teachers’ target orientation by supporting their reflection skills, and through measurement and evaluation increase their understanding of their own practices. Second, applying a participatory action process it is possible to operationalise teachers’entrepreneurship education practices. It is central to include the practitioners’ perspective in the development of measures to make sure that the concepts and aims of entrepreneurship education are understood. Third, teachers’ demographic or tenure-related background characteristics do not affect their entrepreneurship education practices, but their training related to entrepreneurship education, participation in different school-level or regional planning, and their own capabilities support entrepreneurship education. Fourth, a large number of methods are applied to entrepreneurship education, and the most often used methods were different kinds of discussions, which seem to be an easy, low-threshold way for teachers to include entrepreneurship education regularly in their teaching. Field trips to business enterprises or inviting entrepreneurs to present their work in schools are used fairly seldom. Interestingly, visits outside the school are more common than visitors invited to the school. In line, most of the entrepreneurship education practices take place in a classroom. Therefore it seems to be useful to create and encourage teachers towards more in-depth cooperation with companies (e.g. via joint projects) and to network systematically. Finally, there are plenty of resources available for entrepreneurship education, such as ready-made materials, external stakeholders, support organisations, and learning games, but teachers have utilized them only marginally.