Allmogens uti Savolax och Karelen finska familjenamn

Kansialanimeke: betraktade i vetenskapligt afseende.

Nieuwe afteekening van de Finlandse Golf of Bodem

Irtokartta

Wiron maasta

Tekijä lopusta: K. A. A.

Three-dimensional modeling of biomass fuel flow in a circulating fluidized bed furnace

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union promotes the combustion of biomass rather than fossil fuels in energy production. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion offers a simple, flexible and efficient way to utilize untreated biomass in a large scale. CFB furnaces are modeled in order to understand their operation better and to help in the design of new furnaces. Therefore, physically accurate models are needed to describe the heavily coupled multiphase flow, reactions and heat transfer inside the furnace. This thesis presents a new model for the fuel flow inside the CFB furnace, which acknowledges the physical properties of the fuel and the multiphase flow phenomena inside the furnace. This model is applied with special interest in the firing of untreated biomass. An experimental method is utilized to characterize gas-fuel drag force relations. This characteristic drag force approach is developed into a gas-fuel drag force model suitable for irregular, non-spherical biomass particles and applied together with the new fuel flow model in the modeling of a large-scale CFB furnace. The model results are physically valid and achieve very good correspondence with the measurement results from large-scale CFB furnace firing biomass. With the methods and models presented in this work, the fuel flow field inside a circulating fluidized bed furnace can be modeled with better accuracy and more efficiently than in previous studies with a three-dimensional holistic model frame.

Influence of multi-phase phenomena on semibatch crystallization processes of aqueous solutions

Crystal properties, product quality and particle size are determined by the operating conditions in the crystallization process. Thus, in order to obtain desired end-products, the crystallization process should be effectively controlled based on reliable kinetic information, which can be provided by powerful analytical tools such as Raman spectrometry and thermal analysis. The present research work studied various crystallization processes such as reactive crystallization, precipitation with anti-solvent and evaporation crystallization. The goal of the work was to understand more comprehensively the fundamentals, phenomena and utilizations of crystallization, and establish proper methods to control particle size distribution, especially for three phase gas-liquid-solid crystallization systems. As a part of the solid-liquid equilibrium studies in this work, prediction of KCl solubility in a MgCl2-KCl-H2O system was studied theoretically. Additionally, a solubility prediction model by Pitzer thermodynamic model was investigated based on solubility measurements of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the presence of non-electronic organic substances in aqueous solutions. The prediction model helps to extend literature data and offers an easy and economical way to choose solvent for anti-solvent precipitation. Using experimental and modern analytical methods, precipitation kinetics and mass transfer in reactive crystallization of magnesium carbonate hydrates with magnesium hydroxide slurry and CO2 gas were systematically investigated. The obtained results gave deeper insight into gas-liquid-solid interactions and the mechanisms of this heterogeneous crystallization process. The research approach developed can provide theoretical guidance and act as a useful reference to promote development of gas-liquid reactive crystallization. Gas-liquid mass transfer of absorption in the presence of solid particles in a stirred tank was investigated in order to gain understanding of how different-sized particles interact with gas bubbles. Based on obtained volumetric mass transfer coefficient values, it was found that the influence of the presence of small particles on gas-liquid mass transfer cannot be ignored since there are interactions between bubbles and particles. Raman spectrometry was successfully applied for liquid and solids analysis in semi-batch anti-solvent precipitation and evaporation crystallization. Real-time information such as supersaturation, formation of precipitates and identification of crystal polymorphs could be obtained by Raman spectrometry. The solubility prediction models, monitoring methods for precipitation and empirical model for absorption developed in this study together with the methodologies used gives valuable information for aspects of industrial crystallization. Furthermore, Raman analysis was seen to be a potential controlling method for various crystallization processes.

Lärokurs i finska språket för skolans lägre klasser - I

Imprimatur: C. R. Lindberg.

Linguae finnicae brevis institutio, exhibens vocum flectiones per casus, gradus & tempora, nec non partium indeclinabilium significationem, dictionumq[ue] constructionem & prosodiam. Ad usum accommodata

Tekijä dedikaatiosta.

Försök till utredning af finska språkets ljudbildning af Matth. Akiander

Imprimatur: G. Rein.

Finsk grammatik af Reinhold von Becker

Dedikaatio: Nicolaï Pawlowitsch.

Finsk språklära af Fab. Collan - Förra delen, Formläran

Imprimatur: G. Rein.

Finsk språklära af Gustaf Erik Eurén

Sisältää kolme osaa: sivuilla 1-106 Första delen, Formläran ; sivuilla 107-132 Andra delen, Ordbildningsläran ; sivuilla 133-225 Tredje delen, Satsläran.

Doctrinae grammaticorum de declinationibus Fennicis brevis expositio - P. 1

Pro exercitio = harjoitusväitöskirja.

Doctrinae grammaticorum de declinationibus Fennicis brevis expositio - P. 2

Pro exercitio = harjoitusväitöskirja.

Finsk språklära: enligt den rena Vest-Finska, i bokspråk vanliga dialecten - Förra delen, Finska språkets formlära

Imprimatur: J. M. af Tengström.