115 resultados para S960 QC teräs
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Työssä selvitetään tiettyjen terästen hitsattavuutta.
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This thesis is part of the Arctic Materials Technologies Development –project, which aims to research and develop manufacturing techniques, especially welding, for Arctic areas. The main target of this paper is to clarify what kind of European metallic materials are used, or can be used, in Arctic. These materials include mainly carbon steels but also stainless steels and aluminium and its alloys. Standardized materials, their properties and also some recent developments are being introduced. Based on this thesis it can be said that carbon steels (shipbuilding and pipeline steels) have been developed based on needs of industry and steels exist, which can be used in Arctic areas. Still, these steels cannot be fully benefited, because rules and standards are under development. Also understanding of fracture behavior of new ultra high strength steels is not yet good enough, which means that research methods (destructive and non-destructive methods) need to be developed too. The most of new nickel-free austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels can be used in cold environment. Ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are being developed for better weldability and these steels are mainly developed in nuclear industry. Aluminium alloys are well suitable for subzero environment and these days high strength aluminium alloys are available also as thick sheets. Nanotechnology makes it possible to manufacture steels, stainless steels and aluminium alloys with even higher strength. Joining techniques needs to be developed and examined properly to achieve economical and safe way to join these modern alloys.
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15 x 22 cm
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kuv., 10 x 15 cm
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kuv., 15 x 20 cm
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Kandidaatintyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää hitsausliitosten mitoitusohjeita ultralujille teräksille. Työhön kuului laboratoriotestauksia, joiden avulla tarkasteltiin laskujen soveltuvuutta ultralujille teräksille. Laskuissa verrattiin erityisesti kimmoteorian ja plastisuusteorian toimivuutta. Työn tuloksena tuotettiin mitoitusohjeet otsapienahitseille, eli mitoitusvoimaan nähden poikittaisille hitseille. Myös kylkipienahitseille, eli mitoitusvoimaan nähden yhdensuuntaisille hitseille saatiin alustavia tuloksia.
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Diplomityössä selvitettiin lujuusomaisuuksien muuttumista toimitustilassa olevilla ja hitsatuilla The American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME) SA335 P22 ja P5 teräksillä, kun hitsauksen lämpökäsittelylämpötila oli suurempi kuin materiaalin valmistuksen aikainen päästölämpötila. Diplomityön perusteella ei pystytä yksiselitteisesti todentamaan tai kumoamaan standardeissa ASME SA335: 2008a, ASME B31.3: 2010 ja SFS-EN 13445: 2009 esitettyjä varoituksia materiaalien mekaanisten ominaisuuksien huononemisesta, jos hitsien jälkilämpökäsittely ylittää materiaalien päästölämpötilan. Veto-, kovuus- ja iskukoetestitulosten perusteella todennettiin kuitenkin, ettei lämpökäsittely lämpötila-alueella 710–760 oC vaikuta suuresti materiaalien mekaanisiin ominaisuuksiin. Tuloksien perusteella todettiin myös, että koemateriaalivalikoima ja tehdyt testisarjat olivat suppeahkoja tarkkojen hankinta- ja valmistuskriteerien määrittämiseksi.
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Electrocoagulation is a process in which wastewater is treated under electrical current. Coagulant is formed during the process through the metal anode dissolution to respective ions which react with hydroxyl ions released in cathode. These metal hydroxides form complexes with pollutant ions. Pollutants are removed among metal hydroxide precipitates. This study was concentrated on describing chemistry and device structures in which electrochemical treatment operations are based on. Studied pollutants were nitrogen compounds, sulphate, trivalent and pentavalent arsenic, heavy metals, phosphate, fluoride, chloride, and bromide. In experimental part, removal of ammonium, nitrate, and sulphate during electrochemical treatment was studied separately. Main objective of this study was to find suitable metal plate material for ammonium, nitrate, and sulphate removal, respectively. Also other parameters such as pH of solution, concentration of pollutant and sodium chloride, and current density were optimized. According to this study the most suitable material for ammonium and sulphate removal by electrochemical treatment was stainless steel. Respectively, iron was the optimum material for nitrate removal. Rise in the pH of solution at the final stage of electrochemical treatment of ammonium, nitrate, and sulphate was detected. Conductivities of solutions decreased during ammonium removal in electrochemical processes. When nitrate and sulphate were removed electrochemically conductivities of solutions increased. Concentrations of residual metals in electrochemically treated solutions were not significant. Based on this study electrochemical treatment processes are recommended to be used in treatment of industrial wastewaters. Treatment conditions should be optimized for each wastewater matrix.
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Tämä kandidaatintyö on valmistuksellinen näkökulma ruostumattoman teräksen CO2-laserhitsauksen perusteisiin. Tavoitteena on perehdyttää lukija ruostumattoman teräksen CO2-laserhitsauksen valmistusteknillisiin vaatimuksiin ja teollisuuden sovelluksiin.