695 resultados para Seppänen, Janne


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Tässä työssä perehdytään luonnonkiertoon ja sen hyödyntämiseen ydinvoimalaitoksissa. Toisena aihekokonaisuutena työssä ovat ydinvoimalaitosten epästabiilit tilat, jotka ovat tyypillisiä etenkin luonnonkierron ja kaksifaasivirtauksen yhteydessä. Lopussa esitetään ydinvoimalaitoksen termohydrauliikan ja kaksifaasivirtauksen mallinnusta systeemikoo-deilla. Esimerkkinä on tehty laskenta luonnonkiertoreaktorin, ESBWR-reaktorin massavirran jakaumasta TRACE-systeemikoodilla.

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In 1859, Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection, the process occurring based on fitness benefits and fitness costs at the individual level. Traditionally, evolution has been investigated by biologists, but it has induced mathematical approaches, too. For example, adaptive dynamics has proven to be a very applicable framework to the purpose. Its core concept is the invasion fitness, the sign of which tells whether a mutant phenotype can invade the prevalent phenotype. In this thesis, four real-world applications on evolutionary questions are provided. Inspiration for the first two studies arose from a cold-adapted species, American pika. First, it is studied how the global climate change may affect the evolution of dispersal and viability of pika metapopulations. Based on the results gained here, it is shown that the evolution of dispersal can result in extinction and indeed, evolution of dispersalshould be incorporated into the viability analysis of species living in fragmented habitats. The second study is focused on the evolution of densitydependent dispersal in metapopulations with small habitat patches. It resulted a very surprising unintuitive evolutionary phenomenon, how a non-monotone density-dependent dispersal may evolve. Cooperation is surprisingly common in many levels of life, despite of its obvious vulnerability to selfish cheating. This motivated two applications. First, it is shown that density-dependent cooperative investment can evolve to have a qualitatively different, monotone or non-monotone, form depending on modelling details. The last study investigates the evolution of investing into two public-goods resources. The results suggest one general path by which labour division can arise via evolutionary branching. In addition to applications, two novel methodological derivations of fitness measures in structured metapopulations are given.

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The subject of this dissertation, which belongs to the field of Classical Philology, are the definitions of the art of grammar found in Greek and Latin sources from the Classical era to the second century CE. Definitions survive from grammarians, philosophers, and general scholars. I have examined these definitions from two main points of view: how they are formed, and how they reflect the development of the art itself. Defining formed part of dialectic, in practice also of rhetoric, and was perceived as important from the Classical era onwards. Definitions of grammar seem to have become established as part of preliminary discussions, located at the beginning of grammatical manuals (tékhnai, artes). These discussions included certain principal notions of the art; in addition to the definition, a list of the parts of the art was also typically included. These lists were formed by two different methods: division (diaíresis, divisio) and partition (merismós, partitio). Many of the grammarians may actually have been unfamiliar with these methods, unlike the two most important scholars of the Late Republic, Varro and Cicero. Significant attention was devoted to the question whether the art of grammar is based on lógos or empeiría. This epistemological question had its roots in medical theories, which were prominent in Alexandria. In the history of the concept of grammatiké or grammatica, three stages become evident. In the Classical era, the Greek term is used to refer to a very concrete art of letters (grámmata); from the Hellenistic era onwards it refers to the art developed by the Alexandrian scholars, a matter of textual and literary criticism. Towards the end of the Hellenistic era, the grammarian also becomes involved with the question of correct language, which gradually begins to appear in the definitions as well.

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TEHO Plus, Maatalouden vesiensuojelun tehostaminen -hanke jatkoi TEHO-hankkeen aloittamaa työtä vuosina 2011–2014. Hankkeen toiminnan painopistealueina ovat olleet maatalouden ympäristöneuvojien koulutuspaketin luonti ja koulutuksen kokeileminen, tilakohtainen neuvonta ja neuvonnasta saatujen kokemusten hyödyntäminen, tietopaketin kokoaminen maatalouden ympäristöasioista, tilatason kokeilutoiminta ja vedenlaadun seurannan kehittäminen. Ympäristötoimia on neuvonnassa suositeltu kohdennettavaksi paikkatietoaineistoja ja ravinnetaseita hyödyntäen. Hanke toteutettiin Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen, MTK-Satakunnan ja MTK-Varsinais-Suomen yhteistyönä. Hanketta rahoittivat maa- ja metsätalousministeriö sekä ympäristöministeriö. Tärkeänä kumppanina hankkeessa olivat yhteistyöviljelijät, joiden kanssa kehitettiin ympäristöneuvontaa ja toteutettiin kokeilutoimintaa. Hankkeen toiminta-alueena oli Satakunta ja Varsinais-Suomi, mutta hankkeen tulokset ovat valtakunnallisesti hyödynnettävissä. Valtakunnallista näkemystä haettiin tiiviillä yhteistyöllä eri maakuntien toimijoiden kanssa. Tähän loppuraporttiin on koottu hankkeen kokemuksia ja tuloksia ympäristöneuvonnasta, ympäristöneuvojien koulutuksesta, tilakäynnistä ja viljelijöiden antamasta palautteesta ympäristöneuvonnasta, vedenlaadun seurannan kehittämisestä, kokeilutoiminnasta sekä hanketyöstä.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu