Ruostumattomien terästen kuitulaserleikkaus

Työ jakaantuu kirjalliseen tutkimukseen sekä kokeelliseen osaan. Työn kirjallisuustutkimus käsittelee laserleikkausta yleisesti ja kartoittaa tämän hetken tilannetta kuitulaserin mahdollisuuksista ruostumattomien terästen leikkauksessa. Työn kokeellinen osuus käsittelee ruostumattomien terästen kuitulaserleikkauksesta levypaksuuksilla 3 mm ja 6 mm. Kokeissa tutkitaan leikkauspään leikkaussuunnan mukaisen kulman muutoksen vaikutusta leikkausnopeuteen. Leikkauksissa määritetään neljälle eri leikkauspään kulmalle suurin mahdollinen leikkausnopeus.

Vid frågornas port

Soitinnus: sekakuoro. (SATB)

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Digitoitu 5. 9. 2008.

Dewatering of hard-to-dewater pulps

Nanocellulose has much potential for enhancing the tensile strength of paper but it slows down significantly drainage, restricting its use in industrial scale. Main objective of the work was to find ways to improve the dewatering of nanocellulose-containing papers. The effects of cationic potato starch, microparticle system and filler addition on dewatering and such key properties as formation, tensile strength and air permeance of manufactured paper were studied. Test points had 0, 4 or 8 % CNF and 0, 15 or 30 % PCC content. Based on earlier studies, 25 mg/g starch dosage was added to some test points. Modern microparticle system, consisted of cationic polyacrylamide and amorphous silica, was used in few test points. Dosages for both components were 0.3 and 0.6 mg/g, following the recommendations of the supplier. Also, the influences of CNF and filler on drying behaviour after different stages (drainage, wet pressing and cylinder drying) were estimated. Following trends were observed. Starch does not have unambiguous influence on dewatering. In some cases, it improved drainage slightly but effects on the properties of end product were discovered small. Filler quickened dewatering but large proportions were noticed to be detrimental for the drainage, air permeance and tensile strength. Microparticle system improved drainage notably, especially if CNF dosage was high. In addition, microparticle system increased tensile strength and decreased air permeance. However, its effects on formation were detrimental. Dewatering of nanocellulose-containing furnishes is treatable up to a certain point. In the end, such drainage times that were measured from test points which consisted only of pure kraft pulps are awkward to reach.

Psykologian tutkielmien arvolauseet sukupuolittain

Nimekkeen selitys: Bedömning av avhandlingar i psykologi enligt kön.

Diversification benefits for a Finnish non-industrial private forest investor: Real Estate Investment Trusts in the USA

This thesis examined both domestic and international forest investment options for a Finnish non-industrial private forest investor. The focus was on forest-based investment instruments. The influence of movements of currency exchange rates on foreign returns were also taken into account. Annual data from 1995 to 2011 was used. The main portfolio optimization model in this study was the Mean-Variance model but the results were also validated by using the Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall models. In addition, the exchange rate risk hedging was established by using one-week-maturity forward contracts. The results suggested that 75 % of the total wealth should be invested in Finnish private forests and the rest, 25 %, to a US REIT, in this case Rayonier. With hedging, the total return on the portfolio was 7.21 % (NIPF 5.3%) with the volatility of 6.63 % (NIPF 7.9%). Taxation supported US investments in this case. As a conclusion, a Finnish private forest investor may, as evidenced, benefit in diversifying a portfolio using REITs in the US.