[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. VII-53, VII-54, VI-53, VI-54, Vyborg. gub., Peter. i Èurâp. uĕzd.

[1:42000].

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. VII-55, VII-56, VI-55, VI-56, S. Peterburg. i Vyborg. gub., Peterburg. uĕzd.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-39, XIII-40, XII-39, XII-40, Nûlan. i Vyborg. gub.

[1:42000].

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-41, XIII-42, XII-41, XII-42, Vyb. gub., Vil'manstrand. i Kûmensk. uězd.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-43, XIII-44, XII-43, XII-44, Vyborg. gub., Kûmen. i Vil'manstrand. uězd / snimal" i c̆ertil" Anaevskìj.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-45, XIII-46, XII-45, XII-46, Vyborg. gub., Vil'manstr., Kûmen. i Strand. uěz.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-49, XIII-50, XII-49, XII-50, Vyborg. gub., Âskis", Stranda i Èurâpâ uězdov.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-51, XIII-52, XII-51, XII-52, Vyborg. gub., Âskis" uězd / snimal" i c̆ertil" Gûbìev".

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. XIII-55, XIII-56, XII-55, XII-56, Vyborg. gub., Keksgol'msk. uězd / snimali Rozonoer", Bogdanov" i Nikol'skìj i čertili Rozonoer" i Nikol'skìj.

1:42000.

[Topografičeskaâ karta 1:42000]. IX-37, IX-38, Finl. Nûland. i Vyborg. gub., Finl. Vyborgs. gub.

1:42000.

Man måste tänka själv : klasslärares uppfattningar av undervisning i de naturvetenskapliga läroämnena

A teacher´s perception of a school subject affects a teacher´s teaching and by extension pupils´ learning. The main purpose of this thesis is to describe the variation in the ways class-teachers perceive teaching within science subjects and to illustrate how these teachers choose to work and why they choose as they do. This purpose is operationalized into three central research questions concerning a teacher´s perception of teaching, teachers´ experiences of working methods in the subject and different aspects that are consciously present when the teacher makes his or her choice of working methods. These aspects are viewed from two different perspectives: a subject educational perspective and a teacher perspective. The theoretical background of the study is interdisciplinary. The thesis is a qualitative study where the research approach is phenomenographic. The empirical investigation was made as two separate studies: a semistructured interview study (N = 15) followed by a stimulated recall study (N = 3), a combined interview and video-observation. Results from the empirical investigation indicate that regarding aims for science education teachers wish to awaken or maintain the pupils´ interest in nature and science and that the pupils within the science subjects shall build a base for fundamental general knowledge. As motives for teaching the science subjects teachers view the subjects as a foundation for everyday life, planning and democracy but also for pupils´ further studies and a possible career in the field. The interdisciplinary key competences and the care for the pupils´ well being are aspects that are consciously present when teachers make their choice of working methods. A great variation can be found in the teachers´ perceptions of the science subjects as subjects and of the working methods within these subjects. Teachers describe lack of time on their own part as well as for the pupil´s learning. Results from the empirical investigation also indicate that teachers modestly focus on aims for the teaching and communication regarding these aims. There seems to be an existing need for increased and qualitatively improved inservice education within these subjects.