The figure of the earth, determined from observations made by order of the French King, at the polar circle: by Messrs de Maupertuis, Camus, Clairaut, Le Monnier, members of the Royal Academy of Sciences, the abbé Outhier, correspondent of the Academy, and Mr. Celsius, professor of astronomy at Upsal : translated from the French of M. de Maupertuis.

Digital reproduction, The National Library of Finland, Centre for Preservation and Digitisation, Mikkeli

Removal of cyanobacterial toxins by strains of probiotic bacteria

Nedbrytning av blågrönalgtoxiner med hälsobefrämjande mjölksyrebakterier Blomningar av cyanobakterier (blågrönalger) har blivit ett världsomfattande fenomen i eutrofierade vattenmiljöer. Cyanobakterier producerar toxiner, både levergifter och nervgifter, vilka utgör en hälsorisk för människan. Exponeringsrutter omfattar både dricksvatten och förorenade matvaror. Rening av dricksvatten från dessa toxiner är således av hög prioritet. Konventionella vatttenreningsprocesser är inte alltid tillräckligt effektiva mot cyanotoxiner. Därför behövs utveckling av nya effektiva biologiska metoder för vattenrening, vilka kunde komplettera de redan existerande metoderna. FM Sonja Nybom har i sin doktorsavhandling undersökt eliminering av cyanotoxiner från dricksvatten med hjälp av probioter. Probiotiska bakterier, såsom mjölksyrebakterier och bifidobakterier, finns i den naturliga tarmfloran och har även visats ha gynnsamma effekter för människans hälsa. I avhandlingen visades flera olika stammar av probiotiska mjölksyrebakterier och bifidobakterier effektivt eliminera cyanotoxiner, såsom levergiftiga microcystiner, från vatten. Elimineringen undersöktes under olika omständigheter och visades vara beroende av bland annat vattentemperatur, pH, celldensitet och närvaro av kolkälla (glukos) för bakterierna. Metaboliskt aktiva, levande bakterier krävdes för effektiv toxineliminering. En kombination av flera probiotstammar resulterade i effektivare nedbrytning av toxiner i jämförelse med enskilda bakteriestammar. Även reaktionstiden var av betydelse för effektiviteten; efter ett dygns inkubering åstadkoms nästan total nedbrytning. Sammanfattningsvis tyder resultaten på att metoder utnyttjande dessa hälsobefrämjande probiotiska bakterier kunde utvecklas till att användas vid rening av dricksvatten från cyanotoxiner samt användas som en personlig skyddsmekanism mot cyanotoxiner i mag-tarmkanalen.

Improving the performance of a dismounted Future Force Warrior by means of C4I2SR

This thesis comprises seven peer-reviewed articles and examines systems and applications suitable for increasing Future Force Warrior performance, minimizing collateral damage, improving situational awareness and Common Operational Picture. Based on a literature study, missing functionalities of Future Force Warrior were identified and new ideas, concepts and solutions were created as part of early stages of Systems of Systems creation. These introduced ideas have not yet been implemented or tested in combat and for this reason benefit analyses are excluded. The main results of this thesis include the following: A new networking concept, Wireless Polling Sensor Network, which is a swarm of a few Unmanned Aerial Vehicles forming an ad-hoc network and polling a large number of fixed sensor nodes. The system is more robust in a military environment than traditional Wireless Sensor Networks. A Business Process approach to Service Oriented Architecture in a tactical setting is a concept for scheduling and sharing limited resources. New components to military Service Oriented Architecture have been introduced in the thesis. Other results of the thesis include an investigation of the use of Free Space Optics in tactical communications, a proposal for tracking neutral forces, a system for upgrading simple collaboration tools for command, control and collaboration purposes, a three-level hierarchy of Future Force Warrior, and methods for reducing incidents of fratricide.

The Changing Role of the CIO: Developing Skills by Means of Postgraduate Educational Programs

The objective of this research was to identify the skills and competences required by Chief Information Officers in their professional life and whether these skills can be developed by means of postgraduate education pro-grams. Although the changing role of the CIO has been studied for years by the academia, the ways of necessary skills development have not been paid significant attention. In order to obtain understanding of the topic and its main issues qualitative method was implemented and questionnaires and interviews were conducted with CIOs and other C-level executives to-gether with analysis of the curricula of postgraduate educational programs in the field of business designed for executives. Business skills and knowledge along with developed communication and leadership skills are among the most discussed and required from CIOs. According to the collected data and its further analysis, although the most important competences of an IT executive are technological, the im-portance of business related skills is emphasized by the majority of re-spondents and supported by the existing theory. Postgraduate educational programs have curricula that can develop the required competences, alt-hough not equally.

Distributed document migration between ERP systems by means of messaging and event sourcing

This bachelor’s thesis, written for Lappeenranta University of Technology and implemented in a medium-sized enterprise (SME), examines a distributed document migration system. The system was created to migrate a large number of electronic documents, along with their metadata, from one document management system to another, so as to enable a rapid switchover of an enterprise resource planning systems inside the company. The paper examines, through theoretical analysis, messaging as a possible enabler of distributing applications and how it naturally fits an event based model, whereby system transitions and states are expressed through recorded behaviours. This is put into practice by analysing the implemented migration systems and how the core components, MassTransit, RabbitMQ and MongoDB, were orchestrated together to realize such a system. As a result, the paper presents an architecture for a scalable and distributed system that could migrate hundreds of thousands of documents over weekend, serving its goals in enabling a rapid system switchover.

Quality of radiotherapy care by development of e-feedback knowledge

The aim of this three phase study was to develop quality of radiotherapy care by the e-Feedback knowledge of radiotherapy -intervention (e-Re-Know). In Phase I, the purpose was to describe the quality of radiotherapy care and its deficits experienced by cancer patients. Based on the deficits in patient education in Phase II, the purpose was to describe cancer patients’ e-knowledge expectations in radiotherapy. In Phase III, the purpose was to develop and evaluate the outcomes of the e-Re-Know among breast cancer patients. The ultimate aim was to develop radiotherapy care to support patients’ empowerment with patient e-education. In Phase I (2004-2005), the descriptive design was used, and 134 radiotherapy patients evaluated their experiences by Good Nursing Care Scale for Patients (GNCS-P) in the middle of RT period. In Phase II (2006-2008), the descriptive longitudinal design was used and 100 radiotherapy patients’ e-knowledge expectations of RT were evaluated using open-ended questionnaire developed for this study before commencing first RT, in the middle of the treatment, and concluding RT period. In Phase III, firstly (2009-2010), the e-Re-Know intervention, i.e. knowledge test and feedback, was developed in terms of empowering knowledge and implemented with e-feedback approach based on literature and expert reviews. Secondly (2011-2014), the randomized controlled study was used to evaluate the e-Re-Know. Breast cancer patients randomized to either the intervention group (n=65) receiving the e-Re-Know by e-mail before commencing first RT and standard education or the control group (n=63) receiving standard education. The data were collected before commencing first RT, concluding last RT and 3 months after last RT using RT Knowledge Test, Spielberger’s State Trait Inventory (STAI) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast (FACT-B) –instruments. Data were analyzed using statistical methods and content analysis. The study showed radiotherapy patients experienced quality of care high. However, there were deficits in patient education. Furthermore, radiotherapy patients’ multidimensional e-knowledge expectations through Internet covered mainly bio-physiological and functional knowledge. Thus, the e-Re-Know was developed and evaluated. The study showed when breast cancer patients’ carried out the e-Re-Know their knowledge of side effects self-care was significantly increased and quality of life (QOL) significantly improved in line with decrease in anxiety from time before radiotherapy period to three months after. In addition, the e-Re-Know has potential to have positive effects on anxiety and QOL, regardless of patient characteristics or knowledge level. The results support the theory of empowering patient education suggesting that empowerment can be supported by confirming patients’ understanding of own knowledge level. In summary, the e-Feedback knowledge of radiotherapy (e-Re-Know) intervention can be recommended in development of quality of radiotherapy care experienced by breast cancer patients. Further research is needed to assess and develop patient-centred quality of care by patient education among cancer patients.

Control of Robot by Means of Human Thought

Brain computer interface (BCI) is a kind of human machine interface, which provides a new interaction method between human and computer or other equipment. The most significant characteristic of BCI system is that its control input is brain electrical activities acquired from the brain instead of traditional input such as hands or eyes. BCI technique has rapidly developed during last two decades and it has mainly worked as an auxiliary technique to help the disable people improve their life qualities. With the appearance of low cost novel electrical devices such as EMOTIV, BCI technique has been applied to the general public through many useful applications including video gaming, virtual reality and virtual keyboard. The purpose of this research is to be familiar with EMOTIV EPOC system and make use of it to build an EEG based BCI system for controlling an industrial manipulator by means of human thought. To build a BCI system, an acquisition program based on EMOTIV EPOC system is designed and a MFC based dialog that works as an operation panel is presented. Furthermore, the inverse kinematics of RV-3SB industrial robot was solved. In the last part of this research, the designed BCI system with human thought input is examined and the results indicate that the system is running smoothly and displays clearly the motion type and the incremental displacement of the motion.