Praecipuae caussae raritatis pecuniae in Europa

Invocatio: J.N.D.O.M.

Intercultural bridges in teenagers' theatrical events : performing self and constructing cultural identity through a creative drama process

The overriding aim of this drama educational case study is to deepen the understanding of meaning making in a creative intercultural youth theatre process and to examine it in the context of the 10th European Children's TheatreEncounter. The research task is to give a theoretical description of some key features of a creative drama process as the basis for theory about meaning makingin physical theatre. The first task is to illuminate the culture-historical connections of the multilayered practice of the EDERED-association. The second taskis to analyse and interpret theatrical meaning making. The ethnographical research site is regarded as a theatrical event. The analysis of the theatrical eventis divided into four segments: cultural contexts, contextual theatricality, theatrical playing and playing culture. These segments are connected with four research questions: What are the cultural contexts of a creative drama process? How can the organisation of the Encounter, genres, aesthetic codes and perception ofcodes be seen to influence the lived experiences of the participants? What are some of the key phases and characteristics in a creative practice? What kind of cultural learning can be interpreted from the performance texts? The interpretative question concerns identity and community (re)construction. How are the categories, `community´ and `child´ constructed in the Encounter culture? In this drama educational case study the research material (transcribed interviews, coded questionnaire answers, participant drawings, videotaped process text and performance texts) are examined in a multi-method analysis in the meta-theoretical framework of Dewey's naturalistic pragmatism. A three-dimensional research interest through a combination of lived experiences, social contexts and cultural-aesthetical practices compared with drama-educational practices required the methodological project of cultural studies. Furthermore, the critical interpretation of cultural texts is divided into three levels of analyses which are called description, structural analysis and theoretical interpretation. Dialogic validity (truthfulness, self-reflexivity and polyvocality) is combined with contextual validity (sensitivity to social context and awareness of historicity) and with deconstructive validity (awareness of the social discourses). My research suggests that itis possible, by means of physical theatre, to construct symbolic worlds where questions about intercultural identity and multilingual community are examined and where provisional answers are constructed in social interaction.

In pursuit of an intercultural dimension in EFL-teaching : exploring cognitions among Finland-Swedish comprehensive school teachers

This thesis is about the educational purpose of foreign language teaching (FLT) in an increasingly internationalised world.The past 20-30 years have witnessed a fundamental rethinking of the aims of FLT, entailing a shift in emphasis from linguistic competence over communicative competence to intercultural competence. The growing emphasis on cultural issues, called for by research and international curricular documents, places new demandson language teachers. The overall aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge about the attitudes of teachers at the upper level of the Finland-Swedish comprehensive school towards the treatment of culture in English foreign language (EFL) teaching. The questions in focus are: 1) How do teachers interpret the concept"culture" in EFL-teaching?, 2) How do they specify the cultural objectives of their teaching? and 3) What do they do to attain these objectives? The thesis strives to reveal whether or not language teaching today can be describedas intercultural, in the sense that culture is taught with the aim of promotingintercultural understanding, tolerance and empathy. This abductive and largely exploratory study is placed within a constructivist and sociocultural framework,and is inspired by both phenomenography and hermeneutics. It takes its starting-point in language didactics, and can also be regarded as a contribution to teacher cognition research. The empirical data consists of verbatim transcribed interviews with 13 Finland-Swedish teachers of English at grades 7-9. The findings are presented according to three orientations and reviewed with reference to the 2004 Finnish National Framework Curriculum. Within the cognitive orientation, "culture" is perceived as factual knowledge, and the teaching of cultureis defined in terms of the transmission of knowledge, especially about Britain and the USA (Pedagogy of Information). Within the action-related orientation, "culture" is seen as skills of a social and socio-linguistic nature, andthe teaching aims at preparing the students for contacts with people from the target language areas (Pedagogy of Preparation). Within the affective orientation, which takes a more holistic approach, "culture" is seen as a bi-directional perspective. Students are encouraged to look at their own familiar culture from another perspective, and learn to empathise with and show respect for otherness in general, not just concerning representatives of English-speaking countries (Pedagogy of Encounter). Very few of the interviewed teachers represent the third approach, which is the one that can be characterised as truly intercultural. The study indicates that many teachers feel unsure about how to teach culture in an appropriate and up-to-date manner. This is attributed to, among other things, lack of teacher insights as well as lack of time and adequate material. The thesis ends with a set of recommendations as to how EFL could be developed ina more intercultural direction.

Proceedings from the conference Visibility and Collaboration of Researchers in Intercultural Communication in Finland - Visibilité et collaboration de la recherche en interculturel en Finlande

This document contains papers that were presented at the conference “Enhancing the Visibility and Collaboration of Researchers in Intercultural Communication in Finland” which took place at the University of Turku (Finland), on October 1st & 2nd 2004. A paper version of some of the following papers as well as articles by specialists in intercultural communication will be published by Peter Lang.

Socialt kapital och politiskt deltagande i Europa

Under de senaste åren har diskussionen om det ”sociala kapitalet” florerat inom många olika vetenskapsgrenar. Studier om socialt kapital, med vilket man avser socialt förtroende, nätverk och reciprocitetsnormer, har utförts speciellt inom samhällsvetenskapliga discipliner som statskunskap, offentlig förvaltning, sociologi och nationalekonomi, men även exempelvis inom folkhälsoområdet. Inom statsvetenskapen har man hänvisat till det sociala kapitalet bl.a. i samband med demokratiforskning, där man konstaterat att socialt kapital har gynnsamma effekter för demokratin (t.ex. ökat valdeltagande och effektivare institutioner) i och med den medborgaranda det skapar. I doktorsavhandlingen granskas inledningsvis två faktorer som kan påverka nivån av socialt kapital i olika länder. Som huvudsakligt material för undersökningen används The European Social Survey (ESS). Resultaten visar att nivån av socialt kapital i hög grad bestäms av graden av ekonomisk jämlikhet och graden av korruption. Ju högre grad av jämlikhet och ju lägre grad av korruption, desto högre är det samhälleliga sociala kapitalet. För det andra undersöks hur socialt kapital (här definierat som socialt förtroende och deltagande i såväl formella föreningar som informella nätverk) är kopplat till olika former av politiskt deltagande. Både traditionella former och mer okonventionella former av politiskt engagemang beaktas. Socialt kapital visar sig med få undantag ha ett samband med politiskt deltagande, såväl på samhällsnivån som på individnivån. Deltagandet i de frivilliga föreningarna är dock i detta avseende den klart viktigaste av det sociala kapitalets beståndsdelar, medan betydelsen av socialt förtroende och socialt umgänge utanför de formella föreningarna blir mindre tydlig.

Henry Ford sänker priserna på sina automobiler i Europa

kuv., 12 x 19 cm

[Europa Regina]

Julkaisussa: Cosmographia : das ist: Beschreibung der Gantzen Welt

Europa das ein drittheil der Erden nach gelegenheit unser Zeiten

Julkaisussa: Cosmographia : Beschreibung aller Lender durch Sebastianum Munsterum in welcher begriffen

Willem Jansz. tot den goetwilligen leser in dese pascaarte (goetwilligen aenschouwer) hebdij alle de zeecusten van geheel Europa, seer perfectelijck afgeteeckent door Cornelis Doeds Z. van Edam, op hor rechte streckingen ende ware hoechten, nijtgenomen alleenlijck de Middelantsche Zee ..

Nimeke- ja tekijätiedot nimiönkehyksissä

Pascaarte van alle de zee-custen van Europa

Nimeke- ja tekijätiedot nimiönkehyksissä

Septemtrionalium in Europa et Asia : terrarum descriptio, ad falsam veterum scriptorum mentem accomodata

Julkaisussa: Philippi Clüveri Germaniae antiqvae libri tres

Asia, Aphrica, Europa

Julkaisussa: Cosmographicus liber Petri Apiani mathematici iam denuo integritati restitutus per Gemmam Phrysium

Pas-kaart van Europa met een gedeelte van de kust van Africa tot aen Cabo Verde

Julkaisussa: De zee-atlas ofte water-waereld, vertoonende alle de zee-kusten van het bekende deel des aerd-bodems, met een generale bechrijvinge van dien